reaction mechanism among indoline-2,3-dione, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid and (z)-2-(1-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)hydroxycarboxamide to form 1’-((((aminooxy)carbonyl)amino)methyl)-2’-(1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-2’-methyl-1’,2’,5’,6’,7’,7a’-hexahydrospiro[indoline-3,3’-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole-2-one was investigated using density functional theory (dft) at b3lyp basis theory. the three-...

The analysis of spontaneous resting state neuronal activity is assumed to give insight into the brain function. One noninvasive technique to study resting state activity is electroencephalography (EEG) with a subsequent microstate analysis. This technique reduces the recorded EEG signal to a sequence of prototypical topographical maps, which is hypothesized to capture important spatio-temporal ...

Objective(s) Physiological changes in the body may be utilized as potential triggers for controlled drug delivery. Based on these mechanisms, stimulus-responsive drug delivery has been developed. Materials and Methods In this study, a kind of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide) membrane was prepared by radical copolymerization. Changes in swelling ratios and diameters of the membrane wer...

The transition operator that describes the time evolution of the state probability distribution for continuousstate linear systems is given by an integral operator. A state-discretization approach is proposed, which consists of a finite rank approximation of this integral operator. As a result of the state-discretization procedure, a Markov chain is obtained, in which case the transition operat...

Our agent usually has only partial knowledge of its environment, and therefore will use some form of learning scheme, based on the observed signals. To start with, the agent needs to use some parametric model of the environment. We shall use the model of a stationary MDP, with given state space and actions space. However, the state transition matrix P = (p(s′|s, a)) and the immediate reward fun...

This paper demonstrates how three stochastic process algebras can be mapped on to a generally-distributed stochastic transition system. We demonstrate an aggregation technique on these stochastic transition systems and show how this can be implemented as a matrix-analysis method for finding steady-state distributions. We verify that the time complexity of the algorithm is a considerable improve...