Mathematical model of rolling process is used at cold mill rolling on tandem mills in metallurgy. The model goal is to analyse rolling process according to process data measured on the mill and get immeasurable variables necessary for rolling control and optimal mill pre-set for next rolled coil. The values obtained by model are used as references for superimposed technology controllers (thickn...

In the present chapter, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for multiphase flow was developed, allowing the simulation of two different processes, the desulfurization of hot metal in a ladle mechanically agitated by an impeller (KR process) and the desulfuri‐ zation of steel in a gas-agitated ladle. The model gives important information to charac‐ terize the fluid flow conditions, to def...

The aim of this study was to measure the levels of nickel in the skin contaminant layer of workers involved in specific processes and tasks within the primary nickel production and primary nickel user industries. Dermal exposure samples were collected using moist wipes to recover surface contamination from defined areas of skin. These were analysed for soluble and insoluble nickel species. Pers...

Steel composites reinforced with alumina nanoparticles were prepared by powder metallurgy process. Samples containing two different amounts of carbon (0.35 and 0.55 wt.%) and 0-5 wt.% Al2O3 nanoparticles were fabricated by mixing, compacting and sintering of diffusion bonded Distaloy AE powder. The density, hardness and wear tests were performed on the prepared samples. Fu...

During the last decade, biodegradable metallic stents have been developed and investigated as alternatives for the currently-used permanent cardiovascular stents. Degradable metallic materials could potentially replace corrosion-resistant metals currently used for stent application as it has been shown that the role of stenting is temporary and limited to a period of 6-12 months after implantat...

Although powder metallurgy is an economical method for production of near net shape components, machining operations are often required to deliver desired geometrical features, dimensional tolerances, and surface finish of PM parts. Machining enhancers are used to improve the machinability of PM components and to increase tool life. MnS is the most common machinability enhancer used for PM stee...

Corrosion simply refers to destructive and unintentional attack on metals. It is extractive metallurgy in reverse. That is, it serves to return metals back to their ores.1 Corrosion has been recognized as a phenomenon that has existed for as long as mankind. It has devastated several plants in the industrial age, bringing into focus the need to study and understand it. Since then, mankind has c...

Recently, Functionally Graded Scaffolds (FGSs) have attracted a lot of attention as bone replacements due to their gradient porosities as well as a bone structure. In present study titanium functionally graded scaffolds (FGSs) were fabricated by powder metallurgy route using Mg and carbamide as space holders. The arranged layers with 20, 40 and 60 Vol.% porosities were compacted in steel die us...

Continuous casting is the central process phase with strong influence on the final quality of the steel products. Several different models for continuous casting have been developed at the Laboratory of Metallurgy at Helsinki University of Technology (TKK) concerning e.g. fluid flow, heat transfer, thermodynamic equilibria and statistical approaches. In this paper the inhouse solidification mod...

With the vigorously growing demand of steel industry, corrosion resistance alloys, clean energy industries, and a variety engineered infrastructure or technology, high-grade nickel ores are being exhausted gradually in world. This review outlines metallurgical processes for production from various sulfide resources, particularly focusing on recent developments to identify potential trends techn...