Evidence suggests that the nervous system controls motor tasks using a low-dimensional modular organization of muscle activation. However, it is not clear if such an organization applies to coordination of human walking, nor how nervous system injury may alter the organization of motor modules and their biomechanical outputs. We first tested the hypothesis that muscle activation patterns during...

Endowing robots with the capability to learn is an important goal for the robotics research community. One part of this research is focused on learning skills, where usually two learning paradigms are used sequentially. First, a robot learns a motor primitive by demonstration (or imitation). Then, it improves this motor primitive with respect to some externally defined criterion. In this paper,...

It is not possible to do automatic testing with step motors in Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulators because motors may be overheated if working for a long time. Furthermore, possibilities for fault injection are limited and physical interaction is needed to inject faults like a breakdown that can actually be mimicked. We present an emulator in an FPGA that allows to emulate a step motor for au...

The shuffle motor is a electrostatic stepper motor that employs a mechanical transformation to obtain high forces and small steps. A model has been made to calculate the driving voltage, step size and maximum load to pull as well as the optimal geometry. Tests results are an effective step size of about 85 nm and a maximum produced force of about 40 pN at 40V clamping voltage and 25 V actuator ...

The translocation of nucleic acid motor proteins along DNA or RNA can be studied in ensemble experiments by monitoring either the kinetics of the arrival of the protein at a specific site on the nucleic acid filament (generally one end of the filament) or the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis by the motor protein during translocation. The pre-steady state kinetic data collected in ensemble experiments...

The paper provides a literature review of the STEPNC compliant research around the world. The first part of this paper focuses on projects based on STEP compliance followed by research and development in this area based on machining operations. Review the literature relating to relevant STEP standards and application in the area of turning centers. This research will review the various research...

We examine corresponding Cauchy-Riemann equations by using the non-commutativity for the product on split-biquaternions. Additionally, we describe the regularity of functions and properties of their differential equations on split-biquaternions. We investigate representations and calculations of the derivatives of functions of split-biquaternionic variables. c ©2016 all rights reserved.

Abstract DC motor speed control was carried out by preparing a PIC based PID controller. The H-bridge motor driver was driven by the sign/magnitude PWM signal at frequency of 240Hz. The step responses of the motor speed (ω) were systematically measured to obtain optimum PID parameters. Practical steps to determine the parameters were, first to estimate the values by the Ziegler-Nichols method i...

The step motor is a kind of electric actuator that transfers electrical pulses to angular displacement. How to fulfill the control task of step motor by embedded control system is a practical problem since the common computer control system has a higher cost and more redundant than the customized embedded control system. A dual-ARM7 microcontroller embedded structure is developed in this paper ...