We report on a 63-year-old man with a history of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma with a thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava, who received image-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with helical tomotherapy, followed by sorafenib. A total tumor dose of 48 Gy was delivered by 6 fractions within 2 weeks. The tumor responded dramatically, and the patient t...

Background: Several high-precision stereotactic radiation therapy modalities are currently used in clinical settings. We aimed to evaluate whether the CyberKnife (CK) or TrueBeam (TB) radiation treatment systems were more appropriate for treating targets of various morphologies according to the physical properties of each device.  Materials and Methods: Spheres (diameter = 5–50 mm), as well as ...

The incidence of brain metastases range from 10 to 20% of all adult patients with cancer and lung cancer is associated with one of the highest incidences of brain metastases. In geriatric patients, who already have limited cognitive function, whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) can be a problem. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a one day, outpatient treatment with minimal effect to normal br...

Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) results were detailed in the July 2001 issue of Seminars in Radiation Oncology for conventionally fractionated radiation therapy. After 7 years, an extensive collection of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) dose-tolerance limits was presented in the October 2008 issue of Seminars in Radiation...

Multimodal treatment approaches are indispensable for patients with advanced-stage cancer, while radiation therapy has been established as essential part of therapeutic approaches and has been introduced as a better option to face challenges, such as, local relapse or oligometastatic disease. The mere insight of the concept of oligometastases, proposed for the first time in the middle 1990s, le...

In recent years the use of stereotactic radiation for vestibular schwannomas has increased worldwide. However, malignant transformation associated with radiation, although uncommon, has been reported in recent publications. We present a case of the 34 year-old female who had left vestibular schwannoma and who underwent surgery and postoperative stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), hypofraction in 2...

Radiation therapy remains an indispensable tool in palliative care. However, in the past, in order to achieve the results needed, palliative radiation therapy took weeks, a span of time which was often too long for terminal patients to bear. Advances in medical imaging and radiation therapy hardware and software have made possible to deliver high doses of focal radiation using shortened fractio...

Historically, Radiation Therapy (RT) has played a minor role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially because of toxicity related to conventional techniques. However, high radiation doses can now be given safely by means of 3D-conformal techniques and other more specialized techniques. 3D-conformal RT, in which both target definition and treatment planning are based on three-dim...

A rapidly increasing number of teletherapy treatment modalities, e.g. intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), is capable of applying small irradiation fields. Field sizes can be as small as 1 cm x 1 cm or below. The main physical and measurement related effects to consider when performing dose measurements in small fields w...

Surgical treatment remains the only curative treatment for gallbladder cancer. However, even after liver resection, locoregional failure seems to be a significant problem. While there is no Level I evidence, multiple studies have shown benefit for adjuvant radiation in high-risk patients. After extensive liver resection, tolerance to conventional chemoradiation may be limited by potential liver...