Background. Nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) is an increasing problem, insufficiently studied among people in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT). This study investigates the prevalence of and factors associated with NMPDU for drug classes insufficiently described in opioid-dependent populations, including antihistaminergic anxiolytics and central stimulants. Methods. Study participants ...

Hair analysis is a reliable tool for detecting long-term exposure to illegal drugs, including amphetaminetype stimulants, over periods from a few weeks to a few months, depending on the length of the hair used for analysis. Between 2000 and 2012, over 600 hair samples were analysed at the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Croatia (IMROH) for the presence of amphetamine-typ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the extant literature on stimulant drug therapy for survivors of childhood cancer during the late-effects period. METHODS A review of literature is provided on the mechanism of and cognitive toxicities for children and adolescents treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and malignant brain tumors (BT) as well as the pharmacotherapy of stimulant medications, with a ...

The seeds of parasitic plants of the genera Striga and Orobanche will only germinate after induction by a chemical signal exuded from the roots of their host. Up to now, several of these germination stimulants have been isolated and identified in the root exudates of a series of host plants of both Orobanche and Striga spp. In most cases, the compounds were shown to be isoprenoid and belong to ...

AIMS To examine the prevalence rates and correlates of non-medical use of prescription stimulants (Ritalin, Dexedrine or Adderall) among US college students in terms of student and college characteristics. DESIGN A self-administered mail survey. SETTING One hundred and nineteen nationally representative 4-year colleges in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of 10 904 r...

Strigolactones (SLs) trigger germination of parasitic plant seeds and hyphal branching of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. There is extensive structural variation in SLs and plants usually produce blends of different SLs. The structural variation among natural SLs has been shown to impact their biological activity as hyphal branching and parasitic plant seed germination stimulants. ...

In Indonesia, the chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is popular. Unfortunately, its current productivity lower than potential yield. The low due to cultivation methods or varieties used in field. Seaweed a known bio-stimulant and combining it with microbial consortium could be an effective way boost crop productivity. goal of this study was examine how combination bio stimulants enriched can affect two...

Stimulants abuse is a global issue. Acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmia have all been linked to stimulants misuse its synthetic variants but are rather uncommon. Herein, we present case of young patient presented with atrial fibrillation that did not respond digoxin therapy. A suspicion drug toxicity was later confirmed bedside urine screening. Following administration be...

Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (CE) is a topic of increasing public awareness. In the scientific literature on student use of CE as a study aid for academic performance enhancement, there are high prevalence rates regarding the use of caffeinated substances (coffee, caffeinated drinks, caffeine tablets) but remarkably lower prevalence rates regarding the use of illicit/prescription stimu...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that cause functional impairment. Recent research indicates that symptoms persist into adulthood in the majority of cases, with prevalence estimates of approximately 5% in the school age population and 2.5%-4% in the adult population. Although...