The concentration of K+ accumulated in and Na+ extruded from red blood cell ghosts are quantitatively correlated with the total protein contents of the ghosts with a linear correlation coefficient of +0.80. The straight line derived from the 43 sets of data on K+ accumulated in the presence of varying ghost proteins, when extrapolated to the protein content of a normal red blood cell, yields a ...

With the rapid development of lithium-ion battery technology, powertrain electrification has been widely applied in vehicles. However, if thermal runaway occurs a pack, venting gas cells will spread and burn rapidly, which poses great threat to safety. In this study, 2D CFD simulation combustion characteristics cell pack is performed, possibility detonation explored. First, numerical model for ...

Pathways for net biochemical reactions can be calculated by using a computer program that solves systems of linear equations. The coefficients in the linear equations are the stoichiometric numbers in the biochemical equations for the system. The solution of the system of linear equations is a vector of the stoichiometric numbers of the reactions in the pathway for the net reaction; this is ref...

Broader context Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a candidate material for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical device applications due to its suitable band gap and low processing cost. Furthermore, due to the natural abundance of its component elements in the atmosphere and crust, it is a candidate for terawatt scale solar energy production. Given the electronic band gap of Cu2O is 2.1 eV, the detailed...

Microalgal cultures are usually sparged with CO2-enriched air to preclude CO2 limitation during photoautotrophic growth. However, the CO2 vol% specifically required at operating conditions to meet the carbon requirement of algal cells in photobioreactor is never determined and 1-10% v/v CO2-enriched air is arbitrarily used. A scheme is proposed and experimentally validated for Chlorella vulgari...

Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. N-type Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 bulk thermoelectric materials with peak ZT values up to $1 were examined by transmission ...

A natural condition on the structure of the underlying chemical reaction network, namely weak reversibility, is shown to guarantee the existence of an equilibrium (steady state) in each positive stoichiometric compatibility class for the associated mass-action system. Furthermore, an index formula is given for the set of equilibria in a given stoichiometric compatibility class.

Physics- and chemistry-informed machine learning (ML) models were trained by using descriptors in the element physical chemical properties domain, which include stoichiometric, elemental-property-based, valance orbital occupation, ionicity features. Young's modulus, shear modulus electrical resistivity (?) data for a group of oxide glasses used to train artificial neural network (ANN), support ...

Ecologists are increasingly recognizing the importance of consumers in regulating ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling. Ecologists have recently made considerable progress in understanding nutrient cycling and trophic interactions in pelagic systems by application of a new concept, ecological stoichiometry, to consumer-driven processes. In this paper we synthesize these conceptual advan...

BaTiO3 is a technologically relevant material in the perovskite oxide class with above room temperature ferroelectricity and very large electro optical coefficient, making it highly suitable for emerging electronic photonic devices. An easy, robust, straightforward, scalable growth method required to synthesize epitaxial thin films sufficient control over film stoichiometry achieve reproducible...