Air pollution is a global problem all over the world. Bioindicator approach is a modern and progressive way how to determinate an amount of damage caused by pollution in nature. Presented paper deals with processing of electron-microscope images of needles pores of Norway spruce. These needles have usually miscellaneous structure of epidermis. But if the tree grows in polluted air the needles s...

A defunctioning loop ileostomy is often used to reduce the consequences of anastomotic leakage, especially in a low rectal anastomosis. Hanna et al. [1] showed that fecal diversion could be recommended as a selective tool to protect or ameliorate an anastomotic leak after a colorectal anastomosis. Tan et al. [2] also argued that the creation of diverting stomas could potentially minimize the fa...

The author provides an overview of common stoma complications and their practical management. The nurse's role in caring for these patients is also described.

Abstract Introduction The incidence of stomal prolapse ranges from 2% to 22%. risk factors include colostomy, the short length stoma, obesity, emergency surgery, and improper (or even absence of) marking preoperative site for stoma. Complicated associated with severe mucosal irritation, ischemic changes, or bleeding requires surgical intervention. Objective To describe use Altemeier technique i...

Stenosis is one of the major complications of a gastrointestinal stoma, yet its treatment is not well established [1–3]. We report a case of stomal stenosis that improved after insertion of a temporary self-expanding metal stent (SEMS). A 61-year-old woman presented with a stoma that had been malfunctioning for 2 months. She had been diagnosed with recurrent cervical cancer and admitted 7 month...