We develop an approach for solving one-sided optimal stopping problems in discrete time for general underlying Markov processes on the real line. The main idea is to transform the problem into an auxiliary problem for the ladder height variables. In case that the original problem has a one-sided solution and the auxiliary problem has a monotone structure, the corresponding myopic stopping time ...

We study two-player zero-sum stopping games in continuous time and infinite horizon. We prove that the value in randomized stopping times exists as soon as the payoff processes are right-continuous. In particular, as opposed to existing literature, we do not assume any conditions on the relations between the payoff processes. We also show that both players have simple ε-optimal randomized stopp...

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of host defence and of vascular tone. In septic shock, upregulation of inducible NO synthase leads to the production of vast amounts of NO, which contribute to pathogen elimination but also to inappropriate vaso-dilation and to loss of vascular resistance. Asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthases shown to contribut...

In this paper some extensions are given of the method to approximate optimal discrete time stopping problems by related limiting stopping problems for Poisson type processes. In particular we establish detailed results for the solutions of the differential equations characterizing the optimal stopping curves in the limiting stopping problem. These allow to determine explicit approximative optim...

Stopping games (without simultaneous stopping) are sequential games in which at every stage one of the players is chosen, who decides whether to continue the interaction or stop it, whereby a terminal payoff vector is obtained. Periodic stopping games are stopping games in which both of the processes that define it, the payoff process as well as the process by which players are chosen, are peri...

Voluntary action control requires selection of appropriate responses and stopping of inappropriate responses. Selection and stopping are often investigated separately, but they appear to recruit similar brain regions, including the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) and inferior frontal gyrus. We therefore examined the evidence for overlap of selection and stopping using two approaches: a me...

Sir—The medical community has given almost unquestioning credence to the results of randomised clinical trials. This reliance has led to a discounting of the results of observational studies, animal trials, and basic biological data. Like all forms of investigation, the randomised trial is limited by study design (eg, selection of patients before randomisation, selection of biologically meaning...

In a stochastic and fuzzy environment, a multi-objective fuzzy stopping problem is discussed. The randomness and fuzziness are evaluated by probabilistic expectations and scalarization functions respectively. Pareto optimal fuzzy stopping times are given under the assumption of regularity for stopping rules, by using λ-optimal stopping times.

This paper considers the problem of the optimal timing of the exchange of the sum of n geometric Brownian motions for the sum of m others. We propose a closed form determinable stopping time based on the heuristic principle of smooth fit. We cannot prove that this stopping time is optimal. However, we show numerically on examples that it is a potentially useful candidate: letting S denote the s...