Interpolant-based model checking is an approximate method for computing invariants of transition systems. The performance of the model checker is contingent on the approximation computed, which in turn depends on the logical strength of the interpolants. A good approximation is coarse enough to enable rapid convergence but strong enough to be contained within the weakest inductive invariant. We...

Four experiments investigated the effects of stimuli discrepant with schemata of varying strength on three surprise components: The interruption of ongoing activities (indexed by response time increase), the focusing of attention on the schema-discrepant stimulus (indexed by memory performance), and the feeling of surprise (indexed by self-reports). Response times were consistently found to inc...

We present a framework for the rational analysis of elemental causal induction – learning about the existence of a relationship between a single cause and effect – based upon causal graphical models. This framework makes precise the distinction between causal structure and causal strength: the difference between asking whether a causal relationship exists and asking how strong that causal relat...

objective: despite the high strength of zirconia restorations, aging in the oral environment and masticatory loading may result in transformation of tetragonal to monoclinic phase and decrease their strength. statements in this regard are controversial. this study sought to compare the flexural strength (fs) of zirkonzahn (zirkonzahn, cercon, ceramill) and mamut (dubai medical equipment llc, du...

from the time that civil engineers have used steel in building structures, they tried to increase its strength so as to produce more economic and lighter structures by using more elegant sections. increase of steel strength is not always useful for all members of a steel structure. in some members under certain conditions, it is needed to reduce the strength as much as possible to improve the b...

introduction: the aim of this experimental laboratory study was to evaluate the effect of different mixing and placement techniques on compressive strength (cs) of calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement. methods and materials: cem powder was mixed with its liquid either by hand mixing or amalgamator mixing. the mixture was loaded to cylindrical acrylic molds with 6.0±0.1 mm height and 4.0±1 mm d...

original article   introduction: functional disability refers to conditions in which a person is not able to fulfill the daily chores and activities on his/her own or requires assistive devices to perform them. the objective of this study was to investigate the functional disability of the elderly in kerman, southeastern iran and its relationship with handgrip strength. method: this cross-secti...