In the present study, we used Illumina sequencing technology (HiSeq 2000) to sequence the transcriptome of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Morex) under three different heavy metal stress conditions: copper, zinc and cadmium. For each of those metals, the concentration causing a 50% inhibitory effect for root growth (EC50) was determined. We sequenced the total RNA of both roots and shoots from ...

Stress-corrosion of silica by water is studied by exploring the stress-dependent potential energy surface computed quantum mechanically at the level of molecular orbital theory. An ordered silica nanorod with clearly defined nominal tensile stress is constructed to model a structural unit of the stressed crack tip. Three competing hydrolysis reaction pathways are determined, each involving a di...

In the present study, depriving chickens of foraging material was shown to induce stress. The impact of this type of stress on the immune response was compared with feeding of corticosterone (1.5 mg per bird per day), a hormone known to be immunosuppressive and to be the major stress hormone of chickens. Corticosterone feeding induced stress as revealed by higher heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) rat...

When guest atoms diffuse into a host solid and react, the host may flow inelastically. Often a reaction can stimulate flow in a host too brittle to flow under a mechanical load alone. We formulate a theory of reactive flow in solids by regarding both flow and reaction as nonequilibrium processes, and placing the driving forces for flow and reaction on equal footing. We construct chemomechanical...

The aim of this revue is to examine the current literature on the physio-pathological mechanism liable for the inflammatory reaction after major surgical injury and the nature and development of the related morbidity. We describe the endocrine and metabolic changes that occur as consequences of major thoracic surgery and the clinical implications of these reactions. The understanding of the str...

Wear of sliding contacts leads to energy dissipation and device failure, resulting in massive economic and environmental costs. Typically, wear phenomena are described empirically, because physical and chemical interactions at sliding interfaces are not fully understood at any length scale. Fundamental insights from individual nanoscale contacts are crucial for understanding wear at larger leng...

On the interface between a solid and a fluid, a reaction can occur in which atoms either leave the solid to join the fluid, or leave the fluid to join the solid. If the solid is in addition subject to a mechanical load, two outcomes may be expected. The reaction may proceed uniformly, so that the interface remains flat as the solid recedes or extends. Alternatively, the reaction may cause the i...

A study of weight, auditory reaction time (ART), visual reaction time (VRT) and audiogram was carried out on 105 healthy female subjects between the age of 17-20 years during the premenstrual and post-menstrual phase. A significant increase in weight and prolongation in auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) were observed during premenstrual phase. A slight increase in deci...

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between duration of harm anticipation and magnitude of the associated stress response. 2 versions of a film portraying 3 wood-mill accidents were constructed. In the short anticipation, or "surprise" version, the 1st 2 accidents occurred virtually without warning; in the long anticipation, or "suspense" version, they were preced...