In this special issue of the Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care, we have compiled a series of articles relating to mechanical ventilation. We have chosen to select articles that do not address the usual reviews on mechanical ventilation but rather topics that our readers may find unique and interesting. The title of my editorial, “Structure determines function”, relates to that first lecture i...

Abstract. The NuTeV experiment obtained high statistics samples of neutrino and antineutrino charged current events during the 1996-1997 Fermilab fixed target run. The experiment combines sign-selected neutrino and antineutrino beams and the upgraded CCFR iron-scintillator neutrino detector. A precision continuous calibration beam was used to determine the muon and hadron energy scales to a pre...

The Minisymposium on Nuclear Structure and Function featured new strategies and approaches for understanding how the vast amount of information in the nucleus is parsed out in individual cells. The field faces the problem of deducing the structure of a dynamic polymer (chromatin) in a living cell. Classical structural biology approaches have not been as forthcoming for dissecting the structure ...

The lung, as we now realize, is not a uniform honeycomb ventilated and perfused by homogeneous gas and blood mixtures, nor is it a honeycomb in which any segment is a representative sample of the whole. Instead it is a universe of immensely varied geometrical, physical, and chemical properties in a state of constant flux continually beset by pathogenic stresses. We are, however, just beginning ...

The lipocalins are a family of proteins the common function of which is to bind small hydrophobic substances. Although the amino-acid sequence similarity among the members of the family is low, there are two regions where the sequences are conserved. These are GXW and TDY (where X is usually acidic) [ 11. X-ray crystallography of several members of the family revealed that they exhibit a high d...

Long-term X-ray variability of the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus of M81 was studied, using 16 ASCA observations spanning 5.5 years. The object exhibits a factor three variation over the 5.5 years. The source intensity was relatively constant within each observation which lasted typically for one day, but intra-day variability by 30% was detected on the 15th observation. The power-spect...

Stamens are the male reproductive organs of flowering plants. They consist of an anther, the site of pollen development, and in most species a stalk-like filament, which transmits water and nutrients to the anther and positions it to aid pollen dispersal. Within the anther, male sporogenous cells differentiate and undergo meiosis to produce microspores, which give rise to pollen grains, whereas...

1. The Biosphere at Risk 2. Characterization of Biodiversity 3. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function 4. Global Change: Magnitude, Distribution, and Characteristics of Biodiversity Dynamics 5. The Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Structure 6. The Biodiversity of Marine Ecosystems 7. Perspectives for Biodiversity Utilization, Protection, and Research Acknowledgments Glos...

OBJECTIVES 1. The structure of an antibody is related to its function. a. Studies by Tiselius and Kabat and later by Edelman, Porter, and Nisonoff determined the basic structural components of antibodies. 1) Initially, antibodies were identified only by their electrical charge. 2) Fragmentation studies showed that antibodies are made up of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chai...

The Na/K-ATPase or Na, K-pump utilizes the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP to actively transport Na and K ions across mammalian cell membranes. This function underlies essentially all of mammalian cell physiology. For example, in the kidney the Na, K-pump controls body Na and K balance, extracellular volume and blood pressure. The Na/K-ATPase is the receptor of digitalis steroids used to treat...