Guidelines for ammonia toxicity in fish are often determined using static exposure tests with immature fish over a 96-h period. These results may not be relevant to aquaculture, hauling or angling tournament scenarios where mature fish can be exposed to ammonia for shorter durations, often following additional stressors such as handling. The current study sought to quantify (1) the impact of am...

OBJECTIVE To study the long-term outcomes of two interventions targeting patients with sub-acute and persistent pain in a primary care physiotherapy setting. DESIGN A 10-year follow-up of a two-armed randomised controlled trial, initially including 97 participants. INTERVENTIONS Tailored behavioural medicine treatment, applied in a physiotherapy context (experimental condition), and exercis...

AIMS To investigate the use of atropine to achieve target heart rate (THR) and rate pressure product (RPP) during supine bicycle exercise stress echocardiography (SBESE) to increase the number of diagnostic stress tests. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-four patients that were unable to achieve THR or RPP during SBESE performed to evaluate ischaemia were given 0.4-1.2 mg of atropine to augment THR a...

A percentage of either measured or predicted maximum heart rate is commonly used to prescribe and measure exercise intensity. However, maximum heart rate in athletes may be greater during competition or training than during laboratory exercise testing. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to determine if endurance-trained runners train and compete at or above laboratory measures of 'm...

the aim of this study was to determine the effect of rest intervals between two resistance exercise protocols (with similar volume and intensity) on plasma antioxidant capacity (tac) and creatine kinase (ck). for this purpose, 20 untrained subjects voluntarily participated in the research and randomly assigned to one of the two resistance exercise groups with 2-minute rest interval and 4-minute...

the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of aerobic exercise in carbon black particulates air pollution on tlr4 and tnf-α gene expression in male rats. 24 male wistar rats (mean body mass 279.29+26.97 gr) were randomly divided into 4 groups: a) control, b) aerobic exercise, c) pollution, d) exercise+pollution. a particulates injector and falounak chamber were used to expose the rats to ...

The current status of the Canadian Home Fitness Test is reviewed. This simple procedure was originally conceived for the mass testing of fitness levels and for home use as a motivational tool in exercise programmes. The test is carried out on a double 8 inch step (such as a domestic staircase) at an age and sex-specific rhythm set by a long-playing record. Fitness is assessed from a combination...

Canna indicaL.roots are used for medicinal purpose. A decoction of the root with fermented rice is used in the treatment of gonorrhea and amenorrhea. The seed of canna is extremely hard, and needs to be "scarified" before sowing. The aim of the present investigation is to determine the hardiness problem of the seed. The seed sample was collected from the IARI, New Delhi in 2008. The wo...

1. The initial rate of change of pressure at the mouth (dP/dt) during a brief occlusion of the airways at the beginning of inspiration has been estimated in nine healthy subjects at rest, during exercise and during the first 2 min of recovery. Exercise was carried out with progressively increasing loads to the maximum tolerated (progressive exercise) and also for a period of 6 min at a constant...

The space-filling fractal network in the human lung creates a remarkable distribution system for gas exchange. Landmark studies have illuminated how the fractal network guarantees minimum energy dissipation, slows air down with minimum hardware, maximizes the gas- exchange surface area, and creates respiratory flexibility between rest and exercise. In this paper, we investigate how the fractal ...