Recent empirical and theoretical studies on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in higher animals have suggested that the extent of mtDNA polymorphism is largely affected by spatial population subdivision. To examine this we studied mtDNA polymorphism in two subspecies of Drosophila sulfurigaster: D. s. albostrigata and D. s. bilimbata. Drosophila sulfurigaster albostrigata is mainly distribute...

Traditionally, one giraffe species and up to eleven subspecies have been recognized [1]; however, nine subspecies are commonly accepted [2]. Even after a century of research, the distinctness of each giraffe subspecies remains unclear, and the genetic variation across their distribution range has been incompletely explored. Recent genetic studies on mtDNA have shown reciprocal monophyly of the ...

The existing taxonomy of oral treponemes is not satisfactory. This is due to the fact that these strict anaerobic bacteria are not easily cultivated or differentiated. Therefore, new techniques that can contribute to improved cultivation, classification, and identification of these fastidious organisms should be welcomed. In the present study capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used to dis...

The role of the Y chromosome in speciation is unclear. Hybrid zones provide natural arenas for studying speciation, as differential introgression of markers may reveal selection acting against incompatibilities. Two subspecies of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) form a hybrid zone in the Iberian Peninsula. Previous work on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y- and X-linked loci revealed the ...

backgrand: the genus ajuga , belongs to lamiaceae family, is one of the exclusive subspecies in the flora of iran. the plants of this genus are used traditionally for treatment of joints pain, gout, jaundice, and as insecticide. methods: larvicidal activity of methanol 80% extract and partition fractions of hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate obtained from aerial parts of ajuga chamaecistus s...

BACKGROUND We still have limited knowledge about the underlying genetic mechanisms that enable migrating species of birds to navigate the globe. Here we make an attempt to get insight into the genetic architecture controlling this complex innate behaviour. We contrast the gene expression profiles of two closely related songbird subspecies with divergent migratory phenotypes. In addition to comp...

We describe the phylogeographic structure of Attila spadiceus, a neotropical bird with 12 recognized subspecies, through analysis for partial Cytb amplicon region obtained from 11 subspecies. The topology recovered indicated existence two principal molecular lineages and that morphological variation underlying designation subspecies is not reflected in mitochondrial gene tree. Based on these fi...

The lesser wanderer butterfly, Danaus ( Anosia ) chrysippus petilia (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Danainae), has been treated as a subspecies for the last 100 years. New mitochondrial DNA sequence data for D. petilia , in conjunction with allozyme, structural, morphometric and pattern characters, constitute a compelling case for its specific rank. The holotype of D. petilia has never been located and, ...

Bacteremia with fever due to a novel subspecies of Bartonella vinsonii was found in a cattle rancher. The subspecies shared major characteristics of the genus Bartonella in terms of most biochemical features and cellular fatty acid profile, but it was distinguishable from other subspecies of B. vinsonii by good growth on heart infusion agar supplemented with X factor and by its pattern of enzym...

Populations of an organism living in marked geographical or evolutionary isolation from other populations of the same species are often termed subspecies and expected to show some degree of genetic distinctiveness. The common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is currently described as four geographically delimited subspecies: the western (P. t. verus), the nigerian-cameroonian (P. t. ellioti), the c...