T he largest barrier reef in the world, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR), extends for over 2,300 km and encompasses nearly 3,000 individual reef formations. An ecosystem of extraordinary diversity and beauty (Fig. 1A), it is aWorld Heritage Site that brings substantial resources to the Australian economy, including over 50,000 full-time jobs and A$5.5 billion annually (1). It is also widely...