Metam sodium is the most widely used soil fumigant in the United States. The primary breakdown product of metam sodium in soil is methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), an active pesticidal agent with a high toxicity and a great potential for volatilization. Reducing atmospheric emissions of MITC is therefore critical to maintain air quality. The objective of this study was to examine the rate and effic...

Runoff sources and dominant flowpaths are still poorly understood in most catchments; consequently, most hydrograph separations are essentially ‘black box’ models where only external information is used. The well-instrumented 490 m2 Hydrohill artificial grassland catchment located near Nanjing (China) was used to examine internal catchment processes. Since groundwater levels never reach the soi...

Despite considerable investment, some UK bathing waters fail to comply with mandatory standards as defined by the EU Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC). Continued non-compliance has been associated with diffuse sources of faecal indicator organism (FIO) contamination, in particular those deriving from agricultural land. This paper examines concentrations of FIOs in surface, subsurface and ins...

Freezing ground, including permafrost and seasonally-frozen ground, is found in more than half of the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The changes in soil freezing/thawing, or the subsurface thermal conditions, are a local phenomenon, but can have large impacts on climate and life in cold regions. Permafrost (soil is at or below 0°C for more than two consecutive years), occupying about 20% of the expo...

localization of underground dams was carried out at garmab seasonal river basin at golestan research station. this project aims to localize and investigate places for establishing subsurface dam in order to control and store underground stream water for the station and study purposes. the methodology was based on studying documents and field research sampling, drilling and analyzing necessary s...

Rainfall patterns and land cover are two important factors that affect the runoff generation process. To determine the surface and subsurface flows associated with different rainfall patterns on sloping Ferralsols under different land cover types, observational data related to surface and subsurface flows from 5 m × 15 m plots were collected from 2010 to 2012. The experiment was conducted to as...

■ Abstract Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a near-surface geophysical technique that can provide high resolution images of the dielectric properties of the top few tens of meters of the earth. In applications in contaminant hydrology, radar data can be used to detect the presence of liquid organic contaminants, many of which have dielectric properties distinctly different from those of the ot...