Shrub encroachment of grasslands is a transformative ecological process by which native woody species increase in cover and frequency and replace the herbaceous community. Mechanisms of encroachment are typically assessed using temporal data or experimental manipulations, with few large spatial assessments of shrub physiology. In a mesic grassland in North America, we measured inter- and intra-...

The relationship between physiological traits and fitness often depends on environmental conditions. In variable environments, different species may be favored through time, which can influence both the nature of trait evolution and the ecological dynamics underlying community composition. To determine how fluctuating environmental conditions favor species with different physiological traits ov...

The study illustrates the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and numerical Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) techniques for selection of suitable sites for urban development of a hill town. This study was conducted to identify suitable sites for urban development of a hill town, Nahan using GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation of slope, road proximity, land use, land values, soil and...

Mountainous rangeland ecosystems have a highly delicate position in ecologic areabecause of severe environmental conditions and having wildlife and livestock. Knowing andrealizing the biotic and abiotic components, which have an interaction with each other in thisecosystem, perform the most important role in to desirable management of it. The systematicmanagement is one of the managing features...

the main objective of this study was to arak city zoning geomorphological parameters of the model using fuzzy logic. in order to realize these objectives, 10 parameters including of height, distance from fault, distance from the main channel, distance from sub-channel, distance from road, slope percent, distance from settlements, terrain type, erosion potential and seismic vulnerability in the ...

Artificial recharge can be an effective method to raise the groundwater table and to resolve the groundwater crisis in Sefid dasht plain. The most important step to successful accomplishment of artificial recharge is locating suitable areas for artificial recharge. Hence this research carried out with purpose of determining suitable areas for artificial recharge in Sefid dasht plain. Slope, sur...

artificial recharge can be an effective method to raise the groundwater table and to resolve the groundwater crisis in sefid dasht plain. the most important step to successful accomplishment of artificial recharge is locating suitable areas for artificial recharge. hence this research carried out with purpose of determining suitable areas for artificial recharge in sefid dasht plain. slope, sur...