Abstract The article explores sensations’ role in cognition through analyzing expressions natural language search of a sensory schema. I argue that if it exists, the schema originates from universal need to differentiate between patterns by increasing contrasts, which is linguistically manifested practice grading adjectives and adverbs context antonyms.

In this paper we study constrained eigenvalue optimization of noncommutative (nc) polynomials, focusing on the polydisc and the ball. Our three main results are as follows: (1) an nc polynomial is nonnegative if and only if it admits a weighted sum of hermitian squares decomposition; (2) (eigenvalue) optima for nc polynomials can be computed using a single semidefinite program (SDP) – this shar...

The Sugiyama framework is the most commonly used concept for visualizing directed graphs. It draws them in a hierarchical way and operates in four phases: cycle removal, leveling, crossing reduction, and coordinate assignment. However, there are situations where cycles must be displayed as such, e. g., distinguished cycles in the biosciences and processes that repeat in a daily or weekly turn. ...

We introduce the Laplacian sum-eccentricity matrix LS_e} of a graph G, and its Laplacian sum-eccentricity energy LS_eE=sum_{i=1}^n |eta_i|, where eta_i=zeta_i-frac{2m}{n} and where zeta_1,zeta_2,ldots,zeta_n are the eigenvalues of LS_e}. Upper bounds for LS_eE are obtained. A graph is said to be twinenergetic if sum_{i=1}^n |eta_i|=sum_{i=1}^n |zeta_i|. Conditions ...

The present research investigates what drives the prosodic marking of contrastive information. For example, a typically-developing speaker of a Germanic language like Dutch generally refers to a pink car as a “PINK car” (accented words in capitals) when a previously mentioned car was red. The main question addressed in this chapter is whether contrastive intonation is produced with respect to t...

All languages allow stop place contrasts in prevocalic position. Many languages allow stop place contrasts before liquids [l, r]. Indeed, stop-liquid clusters like [br, gl] are among the most common word-initial consonant clusters [2]. The preference for stop-liquid clusters is commonly attributed to Sonority Sequencing constraints – specifically a preference for large sonority rises in onset c...

We study a composition operation on monads, equivalently presented as large equational theories. Specifically, we discuss the existence of tensors, which are combinations of theories that impose mutual commutation of the operations from the component theories. As such, they extend the sum of two theories, which is just their unrestrained combination. Tensors of theories arise in several context...

A growing number of field and experimental studies in social dilemma settings focus on the institutional arrangements by which individuals are able to solve collective action problems. Important in this research is the role of reciprocity and institutions that facilitate cooperation via opportunities for monitoring, sanctioning, and rewarding others. This study contrasts sanction and reward ins...

In this paper, we develop a general classification framework called Kullback-Leibler Boosting, or KLBoosting. KLBoosting has following properties. First, classification is based on the sum of histogram divergences along corresponding global and discriminating linear features. Second, these linear features, called KL features, are iteratively learnt by maximizing the projected Kullback-Leibler d...

We present Q-functionals, an alternative architecture for continuous control deep reinforcement learning. Instead of returning a single value state-action pair, our network transforms state into function that can be rapidly evaluated in parallel many actions, allowing us to efficiently choose high-value actions through sampling. This contrasts with the typical off-policy control, where policy i...