Finding nonoverlapping balls with given centers in any metric space, maximizing the sum of radii of the balls, can be expressed as a linear program. Its dual linear program expresses the problem of finding a minimum-weight set of cycles (allowing 2-cycles) covering all vertices in a complete geometric graph. For points in a Euclidean space of any finite dimension d, with any convex distance fun...

In a dynamic setting, we compare procurement schemes in the form of a lump-sum payment with an optimal information-revealing menu of contracts without commitment. We nd that lump-sum contracts generate two bene ts. First, they always provide optimal levels of e ort. Second, they `tie the hands' of the procurer, and avoid the ratchet e ect. These bene ts must be weighed against the costs of high...

Using a unique dataset containing gridded data on population densities, rents, housing sizes, and transportation in 192 cities worldwide, we investigate the empirical relevance of monocentric standard urban model (SUM). Overall, SUM seems surprisingly capable capturing inner structure cities, both developed developing countries. As expected, spread out when they are richer, more populated, or f...

The role of p73, the homologue of the tumor suppressor p53, in regulating angiogenesis has recently been extensively investigated, resulting in the publication of five articles. Of these, two studies suggested a suppressive role, while the others implied a stimulatory role for the p73 isoforms in regulating angiogenesis. A negative role for TAp73, the full-length form that is often associated w...

A proposal in a weighted voting game is accepted if the sum of the (non-negative) weights of the “yea” voters is at least as large as a given quota. Several authors have considered representations of weighted voting games with minimum sum, where the weights and the quota are restricted to be integers. In [Freixas and Molinero(2009)] the authors have classified all weighted voting games without ...

Knowledge of the distribution function of the stochastically compounded value of a series of future (positive and/or negative) payments is needed for solving several problems in an insurance or finance environment, see e.g. Dhaene et al. (2002 a,b). In Kaas et al. (2000), convex lower bound approximations for such a sum have been proposed. In case of changing signs of the payments however, the ...

Compact formulas are obtained for the Casimir energy of a relativistic perfect fluid confined to a D-dimensional hypercube with von Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. The formulas are conveniently expressed as a finite sum of the well-known gamma and Riemann zeta functions. Emphasis is placed on the mathematical technique used to extract the Casimir energy from a D-dimensional infinite s...

Negative symptoms are highly relevant in the long-term course of schizophrenia and are an important target domain for the development of novel interventions. Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the prefrontal cortex has been investigated as a treatment option in schizophrenia. In this proof-of-concept study, 20 schizophrenia patients with predominantly negative symptoms ...

The sum of random variables that are identical and independent from an exponential distribution creates the compound distribution. It is called negative binomial as when number added follows This distribution’s characteristic function established by using mathematical analysis methods, included its uniform continuity property. function's parametric curves never disappear complex plane, which me...