Up to date, no worldwide standard in vitro method has been established for the determination of the sun protection factor (SPF), since there are many problems in terms of its repeatability and reliability. Here, we have studied the problems on the in vitro SPF measurements brought about by the phenomenon called viscous fingering. A spatially periodic stripe pattern is usually formed spontaneous...

Previous studies have shown no, or very limited, skin penetration of metal oxide nanoparticles following topical application of sunscreens, yet concerns remain about their safety compared to larger particles. Here, we assessed the comparative dermal absorption of a traceable form of Zn ((68)Zn) from (68)ZnO nano-sized and larger particles in sunscreens. Sunscreens were applied to the backs of v...

objective(s): in the current study, sunscreen and moisturizing properties of solid lipid nanoparticle (sln)-safranal formulations were evaluated. materials and methods:series of sln were prepared using glyceryl monostearate, tween 80 and different amounts of safranal by high shear homogenization, and ultrasound and high-pressure homogenization (hph) methods. sln formulations were characterized ...

in this study, both the presence and concentration of some unsaturated compounds in hexane extracts of different parts of anthemis talyschensis showing absorption at wavelength 280-450 nm were surveyed, with the view of possibly using extracts of this plant in new formulations of sunscreen creams. the hexane extracts of flower, leaf and stem of a. talyschensis , collected from northwest iran, w...

Topically applied tretinoin (a retinoid) has been used for over 25 years to treat acne and disorders of keratinization. Now, tretinoin emollient cream, 0.05% (Renova®), may be prescribed for the treatment of photodamaged and chronologically aged skin, in conjunction with appropriate skin care and sun protection routines. Mild to moderate cutaneous side effects to topical tretinoin, such as xero...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effects of a jellyfish sting inhibitor formulated in sunscreen lotion vs conventional sunscreen against Chrysaora fuscescens and Chiropsalmus quadrumanus jellyfish. METHODS Twenty-four healthy subjects at 2 research sites were randomly assigned to receive the jellyfish sting inhibitor (Nidaria Technology Ltd, Jordan Valley, Israel) to one forearm and conve...

Sunscreen use has grown significantly in recent years due to its ability block harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays and reduce skin problems such as sunburn, aging skin, immunosuppression. This review examines the ingredients sunscreen effects they have. Substances including oxybenzone, avobenzone, homosalate, octisalate, enzacamene, benzophenone enter systemic circulation. The discovery of these subs...

BACKGROUND The skin cancer incidence in Switzerland is one of the highest in Europe and still on the rise. Sun protection is the main preventive measure and of utmost importance during childhood and adolescence, since sunburns within these early phases of life increase the risk of developing skin cancer in adulthood. OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective study, the first of its kind in Switz...

Sunscreens have long being recognized as substances to provide effective protection against the detrimental effects of solar radiation. The deleterious effects of sun exposure can be either acute (e.g. sunburn and drug-induced photo toxicity) or chronic (potential long-term risks of repeated sun exposures like solar elastosis, keratoses, induction of skin cancers, and alteration of immune respo...