This article reviews the current knowledge base related to the pharmacological treatments for acute bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory illness affecting infants worldwide. The mainstays of therapy include airway support, supplemental oxygen, and support of fluids and nutrition. Frequently tried pharmacological interventions, such as ribavirin, nebulized bronchodilators, ...

There is no doubt that oxygen is necessary to sustain life. We have been using oxygen since the late 19th century with its use taken for granted. However, administering oxygen above atmospheric concentration should be prescribed as a medication accounting for potential adverse effects. Exposure to high dose of supplemental oxygen has been associated with pulmonary and cardiac toxicity. Moreover...

INTRODUCTION Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs when bubbles form due to pressure decreases with severity ranging from trivial to fatal. Standard treatment requires a hyperbaric chamber, not likely to be available at remote sites or during a disabled submarine escape or rescue. Alternative (non-recompressive) treatments are needed. Intravenous administration of emulsified perfluorocarbons (PFC...

The objective of our study was to assess the application of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) with supplemental oxygen for correction of upper airway obstructive episodes and hypoxaemia during sleep in stable patients with sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ten male patients with symptomatic SAHS and severe COPD (force...

STUDY OBJECTIVE This two-part study was designed to determine the effect of supplemental oxygen on the detection of hypoventilation, evidenced by a decline in oxygen saturation (Spo(2)) with pulse oximetry. DESIGN Phase 1 was a prospective, patient-controlled, clinical trial. Phase 2 was a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. SETTING Phase 1 took place in the operating room. Phase 2 too...

BACKGROUND Wound infections are common and serious surgical complications. Wound perfusion delivers oxygen, inflammatory cells, growth factors, and cytokines to injured tissues. Hypoperfused regions experience low oxygen tensions that do not support adequate oxidative killing or wound healing. Clinicians may fail to recognize clinically important hypovolemia because hemodynamic stability and ur...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown positive effects from noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or supplemental oxygen on exercise capacity in patients with COPD. However, the best adjunct for promoting physiologic adaptations to physical training in patients with severe COPD remains to be investigated. METHODS Twenty-eight patients (mean +/- SD age 68 +/- 7 y) with stable COPD (FEV(1) 34 +/- 9% o...

BACKGROUND Pneumonia is a leading cause of childhood mortality globally. Oxygen therapy improves survival in children with pneumonia, yet its availability remains limited in many resource-constrained settings where most deaths occur. Solar-powered oxygen delivery could be a sustainable method to improve oxygen delivery in remote areas with restricted access to a supply chain of compressed oxyge...

INTRODUCTION Current methods for measuring patient adherence to long-term oxygen therapy fail to measure the actual amount of time the patient is inhaling oxygen and the pattern of oxygen use within the day. We have developed a novel oxygen-adherence monitor to address these limitations, and this report introduces the monitor and provides preliminary data validating its use. METHODS This batt...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clinical practices in oxygen administration are in need of change based on the increasing understanding of oxygen toxicity. Hypoxemia is due to many pathophysiological causes; avoiding hypoxemia is an important objective during neonatal anesthesia. Nevertheless, the only known cause for hyperoxemia is the excess and unnecessary administration of oxygen by healthcare providers....