The solubility, pH, electrical conductivity, and radiopacity of AH Plus and MTA FillApex were evaluated. In addition, the surfaces morphologies of the sealers were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy. For pH test, the samples were immersed in distilled water at different periods of time. The same solution was used for electrical conductivity measurement. The solubility and radiopacit...

A conductive laminate consisting of stacked two-dimensional plain-weave screen with an arbitrary weave angle is described. Similar to orthogonal screen laminates, these porous matrices can be fabricated to have a wide range of porosity, ε and specific surface area, ß; and the structure can have a highly anisotropic thermal conductivity vector, with in -plane effective thermal conductivities ran...

We present a novel approach for computing the surface roughness-limited thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires with diameter D<100 nm. A frequency-dependent phonon scattering rate is computed from perturbation theory and related to a description of the surface through the root-mean-square roughness height Delta and autocovariance length L. Using a full phonon dispersion relation, we find a q...

Because of their frequency-dependent penetration depth, eddy current measurements are capable of mapping the near-surface depth profile of the electrical conductivity. This technique is used to nondestructively characterize the subsurface residual stress and cold work distributions in shot-peened metal components. Unfortunately, the spurious surface roughness produced by the shot peening proces...

The thermal conductivity of boron nitride/ethylene glycol (BN/EG) nanofluids was investigated by transient hot-wire method and two abnormal phenomena was reported. One is the abnormal higher thermal conductivity enhancement for BN/EG nanofluids at very low-volume fraction of particles, and the other is the thermal conductivity enhancement of BN/EG nanofluids synthesized with large BN nanopartic...

One of the important parameters for determining the discharge through the subsurface system in groundwater engineering is hydraulic conductivity coefficient. This parameters the factor of oil skeleton and fluid properties. The horizontal and vertical components of saturated hydraulic conductivity coefficient can be obtained from the laboratory and field testing methods. Those are usually consta...

The 3ω method is a well established technique for experimentally extracting thermal conductivity of thin films and substrates. The 3ω method calculates thermal conductivity by measuring thin film temperature response to a metal strip heater deposited on the material’s surface. The electrical resistance of the metal strip is used as both heat source and temperature sensor. An important factor in...

We develop an algorithm to model magnetometric resistivity (MMR) response over an arbitrary 3-D conductivity structure and a method for inverting surface MMR data to recover a 3-D distribution of conductivity contrast. In the forward modeling algorithm, the second-order partial differential equations for the scalar and vector potentials are discretized on a staggered gird using the finitevolume...

Undoped, high-quality diamond is, under almost all circumstances, one of the best insulators known. However, diamond covered with chemically bound hydrogen shows a pronounced conductivity when exposed to air. This conductivity arises from positive-charge carriers (holes) and is confined to a narrow near-surface region. Although several explanations have been proposed, none has received wide acc...

The well-known results of the Dukhin–Shilov theory of the thin diffuse double layer polarization in low-frequency alternating fields is generalized in two directions: to include the surface conductivity of the stagnant layer and to describe a wide frequency range including both the low-frequency and the Maxwell–Wagner–O’Konski dispersions. The generalized expression obtained for the induced dip...