for the scientific and accurate management of rangeland ecosystems, having information about ecosystem as indicators of ecosystem health and function is needed. the aim of this research is to study the effects of grazing on soil surface indicators and rangeland functional properties by using landscape functional analysis (lfa) method. for this purpose, the present study was conducted in two reg...

Glassy carbon (GC) is the most commonly used carbon-based electrode in the analytical laboratory. Because of the high background current and low electrode response, modification of this electrode can be done by various materials and techniques. An ionic liquid (IL), 1-methyl-3-(3-trimethoxysilyl propyl) imidazoliumbis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, was covalently cross linked onto the GC surf...

We reconsider the problem of the static thermal roughening of an elastic manifold at the critical dimension d = 2 in a periodic potential, using a perturbative Functional Renormalization Group approach. Our aim is to describe the effective potential seen by the manifold below the roughening temperature on large length scales. We obtain analytically a flow equation for the potential and surface ...

Aerosols are prevalent in the atmosphere where they can serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Here we report on new CCN measurements to characterize the temperature dependence of CCN activity for single component organic aerosol and secondary organic aerosol from the reaction of α-pinene and O(3) generated in the laboratory. For compounds with a weak dependence of water activity on temperat...

abstract   background : although, different studies on end-to-side nerve repair, results are controversial. the importance of this method in case is unavailability of proximal nerve. in this method, donor nerves also remain intact and without injury. in compare to other classic procedures, end-to-side repair is not much time consuming and needs less dissection. overall, the previous studies in ...

_______________________________________ The relative behavior of surface-crown fire spread rate modeling systems used in three fire management applications—CFIS (Crown Fire Initiation and Spread), FlamMap and NEXUS— is compared using fire environment characteristics derived from a dataset of destructively measured canopy fuel and associated stand characteristics. Although the surface-crown mode...