Since most current scene understanding approaches operate either on the 2D image or using a surface-based representation, they do not allow reasoning about the physical constraints within the 3D scene. Inspired by the “Blocks World” work in the 1960’s, we present a qualitative physical representation of an outdoor scene where objects have volume and mass, and relationships describe 3D structure...

High-Resolution Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) has been applied to investigate the anisotropy of the GaAs(001)-c(4 £ 4) and b2(2 £ 4) reconstructions. Measurements have been performed on high-quality samples grown in situ by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The loss intensity is different in the directions parallel and perpendicular to dimers, particularly close to the fundamental gap. We co...

Motivated by the topological theory of normal surface we give in this paper a complete study of the relations between geodesic curves and normal curves embedded in a triangulated Riemannian surface. Normal surface theory is a topological piecewise linear (p` for short) counterpart of the differential geometric theory of minimal surfaces. This theory studies the ways surfaces intersect with a gi...

Diffraction gratings used in space telescopes are desired to provide high diffraction efficiency and large collecting area while maintaining minimal mass to meet cost limitations. As a result, the method of assembling such gratings into modules such that all requirements are met becomes critical. We report on the development of a new assembly scheme that densely stacks thin reflection grating s...

Surface reflectance has a central role in the analysis of land surface for a broad variety of Earth System studies. An accurate atmospheric correction, obtained by an appropriate selection of aerosol model, is the first requirement for reliable surface reflectance estimation. In the aerosol model, the type is defined by the physical and chemical properties, while the loading is usually describe...

An approach for reconstructing wireframe models of curvilinear objects from three orthographic views is discussed. Our main stress is on the method of generating three-dimensional (3D) conic edges from twodimensional (2D) projection conic curves, which is the pivotal work for reconstructing curvilinear objects from three orthographic views. In order to generate 3D conic edges, a five-point meth...

In this paper we suggest a new approach for recovering 3-D depth from a field of surface normals. The surface normals are extracted from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images using the radar reflectivity function and local statistical estimations. Reconstructing the 3-D surface from the flow of surface normals has an inexact solution due to missing information. A two stage algorithm is proposed...

In terms of the grain refinement mechanism induced by plastic straining, a novel surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was developed for synthesizing a nanostructured surface layer on metallic materials in order to upgrade the overall properties and performance. In this paper, the SMAT technique and the microstructure of the SMAT surface layer will be described. The grain refinement mec...

Understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of land surface phenology is important to understanding changes in landscape ecological processes of semi-arid savannas in Southern Africa. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of variation in tree cover percentage on land surface phenological response in the semi-arid savanna of Southern Africa. Various land surface phenological metrics...

Some of the major enhancements are eliminating head contention, reducing or eliminating nozzle changes, supporting user-defined nozzles, supporting large nozzles for holders 2 and 3, and being able to define multiple part data for a given part number. The cycle time improvement exceeds the original goal of 5%, and the result at one surface mount center was more than 16% over hand-created and op...