Freeze/Thaw (F/T) surface state retrieval is important to further understand hydrological patterns and climate change. This article investigates the use of Earth-reflected Global Positioning System (GPS) L-band signals as collected by National Aeronautics Space Administration NASA’s Cyclone Navigation Satellite (CYGNSS) mission for F/T over a target area in South America, covering Andes Mountai...

LLE Review, Volume 73 45 In cold processing of optical glasses by microgrinding,1,2 the resulting brittle-material-removal rate induces a cracked layer near the glass surface, referred to as subsurface damage (SSD). [Editor’s note: The acronym for subsurface damage (SSD) used in this article should not be confused with its more common use as an acronym for smoothing by spectral dispersion.] In ...

In hot dip galvanizing, several parameters such as chemical composition of coating bath, immersion time and surface roughness of specimens could affect microstructure and properties of coating. In this article, the effect of aluminum content, immersion time and surface roughness on structure and properties of alloy layers have been investigated. Specimens of low carbon silicon-free steel with d...

In this paper the dynamic of a droplet on a surface with a hole is investigated under gravitational effect by using lattice Boltzmann method. Incompressible two-phase flow with high density ratio proposed by Lee is considered. Cahn’s theory is used to observe the wettability of the surface in contact with liquid and gas phases. Several parameters such as contact angle, surface tension and gravi...

The photodynamics of bacteriorhodopsin were studied by transient absorption and gain measurements after excitation with femtosecond pulses at 620 nm. With probing pulses at longer wavelengths (A> 770 nm) the previously reported formation of the J intermediate (with a time constant of 500f 100 fs) was confirmed. With probing pulses around 700 nm, a faster process with a relaxation time of 200 rt...

We discuss the lattice QCD simulations that search for the Z+ c with the unconventional quark content c̄cd̄u in the channel IG(JPC) = 1+(1+−). The major challenge is presented by the two-meson states J/ψ π , ψ2Sπ , ψ1Dπ , DD̄∗, D∗D̄∗, ηcρ that are also inevitably present in this channel. The available lattice simulations find expected two-meson eigenstates, but no additional eigenstate as a candida...

Abstract In this paper interparticle potential model of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate deformation and breakup of a falling droplet under gravity force. First this model is applied to ensure that the surface tension effect is properly implemented in this model. Two tests have been considered. First, it has been checked an initial square drop in a 2D domain can freely def...

ZnO/activated carbon nanocomposites (ZnO/ACns) were synthesized by applying two different solid-state and precipitation methods. Precipitation method was initiated with zinc chloride and sodium hydroxide as starting materials in the presence of activated carbon. The synthesized sample was calcined at 250 °C for 1 h. The preparation of nanocomposite by solid-state method was accomplished by heat...