BACKGROUND Premature ovarian failure (POF) before 40 years of age from natural causes affects approximately 1% of adult women, with minor variations between ethnic groups. A recent case of ovarian transplantation between young monozygotic (MZ) twins in which one had undergone unexplained POF at 14 years has prompted a study of the prevalence of POF. METHODS Menopausal ages of 832 Australian a...

BACKGROUND Several studies suggest that changes in estrogens and androgens during menopause play a role in the regulation of leptin production. Some authors present hypothesis that sex hormone replacement therapy can modulate leptin levels but up to date evidence shows that the influence of endogenous estrogens, androgens levels and sex hormone therapy on leptin concentration remains uncertain....

Owing to the improved effectiveness of the treatment protocols for oncological disease, in the last few years we have seen an increase in the number of women in iatrogenic menopause secondary to integrated oncological treatments or surgical, pharmacological or radiological therapies. Particularly if it is premature, menopause in these subjects, who are already strongly debilitated by the primar...

The intrauterine device (IUD) is the most widely used reversible forms of contraception in the world [1]. Given its excellent efficacy and long-acting properties, IUD remains the most simple, cost-effective contraceptive method that is widely used in China. Ideally, the IUD should be removed soon after the menopause, however, many women with an IUD fail to remove it following the menopause for ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a molecule implicated in the pathogenesis of several eye diseases. In this experimental study, we planned to evaluate the effects of surgical menopause and hormone replacement therapy on VEGF levels. Thus, we studied the effects of treatments involving estrogen, estrogen and progesterone (E/P) in combination, and genistein, which is a selective estro...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and causes of preterm ovarian failure (menopause before 40 years of age) and early menopause (menopause between 40 and 45 years). DESIGN Cross sectional study. SETTING Menopause clinics in Italy. POPULATION Women attending menopause clinics in Italy. METHODS Between 1997 and 1999 we conducted a large cross sectional study on the characteristics of wo...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the sampling distribution and usefulness of expectation of life in comparisons of mortality at health district level or below. DESIGN Derivation of a formula for the variance of the expectation of life, confirmation of the result and generation of the sampling distribution by Monte Carlo simulation; comparison of expectation of life with standardised mortality ratio (...

Menopause is a biopsychosocial phenomenon that encompasses woman's life transition from fertile to infertile. Although menopause can cause extremely unpleasant physical symptoms, there evidence women in Asian cultures have low rate of reported menopausal symptoms. Women's experiences, perspectives, and responses menopause, which affects women's daily lives well-being, may differ across societie...