Routine varicella vaccination with one dose for children of 11 to 14 months was recommended in Germany in 2004 to reduce disease incidence and severe complications. A country-wide varicella sentinel surveillance system was initiated in 2005 to detect trends of disease frequency and vaccine uptake and to evaluate the vaccination programme. A convenient sample of about 1,000 paediatricians and ge...

Motor vehicle collisions and bicycle collisions and falls are a leading cause of death by preventable injury for children. In order to design, implement and evaluate campaigns and programs aimed at improving child safety, accurate surveillance is needed. This paper examined the challenges that confront efforts to collect surveillance data relevant to child traffic safety, including observation,...

The explosive character of the HIV epidemic in eastern Europe demands the introduction of a more sensitive and more flexible system of surveillance. This should be capable of monitoring the ways in which the virus is transmitted and the factors that facilitate it, and offer the possibility of predicting new ways of transmission, new vulnerable population groups, and new areas of HIV spread. WHO...

Introduction Influenza is viral illness that affects mainly the nose, throat, bronchi and occasionally, the lungs. Influenza viruses have been an under-appreciated contributor to morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. They are a substantial contributor to respiratory disease burden in Nigeria and other developing countries. Nigeria started influenza sentinel surveillance in 2008 to inform disease ...

background: routinely collected data from tuberculosis surveillance system can be used to investigate and monitor the irregularities and abrupt changes of the disease incidence. we aimed at using a hidden markov model in order to detect the abnormal states of pulmonary tuberculosis in iran. methods: data for this study were the weekly number of newly diagnosed cases with sputum smear-positive p...

OBJECTIVE To compare sentinel and population-based surveillance of the effect of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), introduced in 2000, on the hospitalization of children aged under 5 years with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the United States of America. METHODS Population surveillance data were used to identify children hospitalized between 1998 and 2006 with IPD ca...

in this paper, we examine target detection in the surveillance channels of fm-based passive bistatic radars (fbpbrs) in the presence of interference signals in the reference channels of these systems. to do so, we propose a new signal conditioning algorithm to remove interference signals form reference channel. simulation results show that the proposed signal conditioning algorithm outperform t...

     Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease which is mainly transmitted via contaminated food and drinking water by human feces, especially in situations of poor hygiene and sanitation (1). This disease is caused by 3 types of wild poliovirus (WPV) (types 1, 2 and 3), and immunity against one type does not create immunity against other types. In our country according National Immuni...

The purpose of this paper is to propose a system and process for maximizing store profits to discover the optimal price pattern among various items based on a purchase prediction models. This system, called PRISM, involves the use of data mining techniques to handle a large amount of customer purchase history data. In this paper we have applied PRISM to the customer data of supermarket in Japan...

BACKGROUND Early detection of emergent influenza strains is a global health priority. However, maintaining active surveillance is economically and logistically challenging. While community-based surveillance is an attractive alternative, design and operation of an effective epidemiological surveillance program requires community engagement that can be linked to public health reporting and respo...