Snow avalanches pose a threat to settlements and infrastructure in alpine environments. Due to the catastrophic events in recent years, the public is more aware of this phenomenon. Alpine settlements have always been confronted with natural hazards, but changes in land use and in dealing with avalanche hazards lead to an altering perception of this threat. In this study, a multi-temporal risk a...

The design and development of large scale, high quantum efficiency and high resolution silicon and silicon-germanium (Si/SiGe) avalanche photodiode (APD) focal plane arrays (FPAs) is an active topic of research due to the wide range of scientific, medical and industrial applications for such high sensitivity imagers. Avalanche photodiodes can attain single photon sensitive operation due the lar...

Abstract Avalanches result from an interaction of weather and terrain, where past internal snow cover processes play important roles. So far, climatology was mainly based on data, as regional instability information, such avalanche activity, is scarce climatological time scales. We present a new approach to create simulations problem types reanalysis data cluster analysis. Analyzing the winters...

Glacial reworking of paraglacial rock slope material has been inferred from long-deglaciated terrains to be an important component of glacial sediment transfer. We provide the first description from a contemporary glacial environment of the geomorphological consequences of glacier advance (of the Feegletscher Nord, Switzerland) across a paraglacial rock avalanche deposit. The landform-sediment ...

The dynamics of the avalanche width in the evolution model is described using a random walk picture. In this approach the critical exponents for avalanche distribution, τ , and avalanche average time, γ, are found to be the same as in the previous mean field approximation but SOC appear at λ critical = 2/3, which is very close to numerical value. A continuous time random walk is studied numeric...

We perform a high-accuracy moment analysis of the avalanche size, duration and area distribution of the Abelian Manna model on eight two-dimensional and four one-dimensional lattices. The results provide strong support to establish universality of exponents and moment ratios across different lattices and a good survey for the strength of corrections to scaling which are notorious in the Manna u...

Several years ago, my buddy Steve died in an avalanche. It was a stormy day and the avalanche danger was high, but Steve and his partners felt that by choosing a familiar route and carefully managing their exposure, they could stay out of trouble. After all, they were experienced backcountry skiers with avalanche training. Steve, the most skilled of the group, had just visited the area less tha...

We present a silicon avalanche photodetector (APD) fabricated with standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology without any process modification or special substrates. The CMOS-APD is based on N+/P-well junction, and its current-voltage characteristics, responsivity, avalanche gain, and photodetection frequency response are measured. Gain-bandwidth product over 1 THz is ac...

We assess the predictive capabilities of various classes of avalanche models for solar flares. We demonstrate that avalanche models cannot generally be used to predict specific events due to their high sensitivity to their embedded stochastic process. We show that deterministically driven models can nevertheless alleviate this caveat and be efficiently used for large events predictions. Our res...

In this study, Stability analysis of snow slab which is under detonation has developed in the present model. The model has been studied by using the basic concepts of non-detonation model and concepts of underwater explosions with appropriate modifications to the present studies. The studies have also been extended to account the effect of critical length variations at the time of detonation an...