The existence of “barren plateau landscapes” for generic discrete-variable quantum neural networks, which obstructs efficient gradient-based optimization cost functions defined by global measurements, would be surprising in the case linear optical modules networks due to tunability intensity continuous variable states and relevant unitary group having exponentially smaller dimension. We demonst...

BACKGROUND To elucidate further from the biomechanical aspect whether microgravity-induced cerebral vascular mal-adaptation might be a contributing factor to postflight orthostatic intolerance and the underlying mechanism accounting for the potential effectiveness of intermittent artificial gravity (IAG) in preventing this adverse effect. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Middle cerebral arterie...

Members of the family Suidae have diverged over extended evolutionary periods in diverse environments, suggesting that adaptation in response to endemic infectious agents may have occurred. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a multigene family that acts as the first line of defense against infectious microbes at the host-environment interface. We hypothesized that across the Suidae, positive s...

BACKGROUND Health care spending is concentrated among a small number of high-cost patients, and the popularity of initiatives to improve care and reduce cost among such "superusers" (SUs) is growing. However, SU costs decline naturally over time, even without intervention, a statistical phenomenon known as regression-to-the-mean (RTM). OBJECTIVES We assess the magnitude of RTM in hospital cos...

The discrimination learning ability of Quarter Horses and Thoroughbreds was compared by means of visual cues in a three-choice test with food as a reward. Quarter Horses learned significantly faster than Thoroughbreds, and learning progressed more rapidly for both breeds in a second discrimination task. Significant negative correlations were observed between age and rate of learning. Quarter Ho...

In a cognitive radio network, a primary user (PU) shares its spectrum with secondary users (SUs) temporally and spatially, while allowing for some interference. Consider the problem of estimating the no-talk region of the PU, i.e., the region outside which SUs may utilize the PU’s spectrum regardless of whether the PU is transmitting or not. And propose a adaptive boundary estimation algorithm ...

In many natural situations, one observes a local system with many competing species that is coupled by weak immigration to a regional species pool. The dynamics of such a system is dominated by its stable and uninvadable (SU) states. When the competition matrix is random, the number of SUs depends on the average value and variance of its entries. Here we consider the problem in the limit of wea...

—This paper considers an OFDMA-based cooperative cognitive radio network where the secondary users (SUs) act as the relay of the primary users (PUs) while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) of the PUs. In return, the SUs access the spectrum licensed to PUs in both time and frequency without impacting the communication of the PUs. A joint resource allocation problem is formulated to maxi...

In cognitive radio networks, the pertinent task of spectrum sensing at the Secondary Users (SUs) can be achieved when the SUs cooperate in order to make a final decision about the presence of a communicating Primary User (PU). In this paper, we study a two-hop relaying system in which SUs are grouped into D clusters. The SUs transmit a simple power function (parameterized by p) of their observa...