The goal of ophthalmology residency training is to produce competent ophthalmologists. Competence can only be determined by appropriately assessing resident performance. There are accepted guiding principles that should be applied to competence assessment methods. These principles are enumerated herein and ophthalmology-specific assessment tools that are available are described.

The need for sustainable development has been widely recognized and sustainable development has become a hot topic of various disciplines even though the role of ergonomics in it is seldom reported or considered. This study conducts a systematic survey of research publications in the fields of ergonomics and sustainable development over the past two decades (1992-2011), in order to identify the...

The Biosphere Reserve (BR) concept aims at encouraging sustainable development (SD) towards sustainability on the ground by promoting three core functions: conservation, development, and logistic support. Sweden and Ukraine exemplify the diverse governance contexts that BRs need to cope with. We assessed how the BR concept and its core functions are captured in national legislations. The result...

This paper describes the concept for a Webbased, database supported e-Learning Test, Examination and Assessment System, called TEASE, that can be used via the Internet and is therefore suitable for both local and remote examination preparation as well as for examination within lab courses (entry test) or during lectures (big online exams in lecture halls). Another topic of this contribution is ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cachexia is a common negative consequence of cancer and is often unrecognized. To assess cachexia, malnutrition assessment tools are used. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the current malnutrition assessment tools and describes the requirements for a comprehensive cachexia assessment instrument and its implication for clinics and research. RECENT FIN...

VOLUME 93 NO. 5 MAY 2010 Early identification of infants at risk for problems in neurobehavior and development is an ongoing challenge in pediatric care. Detection of subtle differences in the nursery is challenged by the transient nature of many neurobehavioral signs and by short lengths of stay which limit the ability of pediatricians to perform serial assessments. Most efforts at formal deve...

Selecting actions for improvement of solid waste management in low and middle income countries and understanding how a specific decision choice will fit and impact on a local context is key to identifying sustainable solutions. Assessment of the choice (be it technical or managerial) and assessment of the local enabling or disabling conditions are both important steps in the decision making pro...

The next generation of process engineers will face a new set of challenges, with the need to devise new bioprocesses, with high selectivity for pharmaceutical manufacture, and for lower value chemicals manufacture based on renewable feedstocks. In this paper the current and predicted future roles of process system engineering and life cycle inventory and assessment in the design, development an...

Timed up and go test and risk of falls in older adults: a systematic review. Beauchet O, Fantino B, Allali G, Muir SW, Montero-Odasso M, Annweiler C. J. Nutr. Health Aging 2011; 15(10): 933-938. Of the 92 selected studies, 11 met the selection criteria and were included in the final analysis. Fall rate ranged from 7.5 to 60.0% in the selected studies. The cut-off time separating non-fallers and...