A s discussed in the previous article, a frequency synthesizer can be thought of as a black box containing being properly connected, translate an input reference signal to a number of output frequencies. The synthesizer implementation as well as its ultimate performance depends heavily on characteristics of the individual components used in the design. Although there is no set definition for th...

Abstract We present a novel decision tree-based synthesis algorithm of ranking functions for verifying program termination. Our is integrated into the workflow CounterExample Guided Inductive Synthesis (CEGIS). CEGIS an iterative learning model where, at each iteration, (1) synthesizer synthesizes candidate solution from current examples, and (2) validator accepts if it correct, or rejects prov...

In this study, a C~K band frequency synthesizer used in broadband electronic warfare equipment was designed, developed, and the measurement results were presented. The structure of designed generates signal up to 6 GHz using only direct digital synthesizer(DDS) without mixer or multiplier. For signals above frequency, uses addition, variable sampling DDS circuit improve quality by reducing spur...

An adaptive time-domain postfiltering technique based on the synthesis LP filter factorisation is proposed. Information is gathered about the relation between the LP filter poles and formants for this factorisation. This technique shapes the main formant differently from the other formants. Pole locations representing the main formant are modified and optimum shaping constants for each formant ...

Rapid, standardized process optimization and development on a radial synthesizer can be directly converted to dedicated continuous flow for scale-up, shown three APIs via single- multistep syntheses crystallization.

In virtual auditory environments, sound generation is typically based on a two-stage approach: synthesizing a monophonic signal, implicitly equivalent to a point source, and simulating the acoustic space. The directivity, spatial distribution and position of the source can be simulated thanks to signal processing applied to the monophonic sound. A one-stage synthesis/spatialization approach, ta...

An effective technique for phase noise improvement in a fractional-N synthesizer is described. The method requires using in a 90" phase shift lock a non-linear continuous-time or sampled-data block before the loop filter. Behavioral simulations on a fractional-N synthesizer incorporating different non-linear blocks and a second-order single bit sigma delta modulator show that it is possible to ...

GSM & EDGE base-stations require synthesizers that can frequency hop over the full 75MHz TX or RX band in < 10us and also have very low phase noise and spurious. To date, these conflicting requirements can only be accomplished using a costly "ping-pong" architecture where one synthesizer is locking to the next desired frequency while the other is active as the LO. The proposed fast switching sy...