Summary Established systemic treatment options for advanced thyroid cancer include the multityrosine kinase inhibitors lenvatinib and sorafenib radioactive iodine refractory differentiated (DTC) vandetanib cabozantinib medullary (MTC). Recently, COSMIC-311 study resulted in approval of DTC with progression upon and/or sorafenib; thus, first time a specific second-line therapy has been defined t...

UNLABELLED Clear cell sarcoma is a rare cancer primarily of tendons, fascia, and aponeuroses that can be difficult to discern from primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. The two cancers share several histological markers, with most cases of both cancers staining positively for S-100, HMB-45, and melanin. Primary therapy of both cancers involves wide local excision, but while systemic therapy has...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: cadmium and lead compounds are classified as human carcinogens by several regulatory agencies. twenty five percent of all cancer-related deaths are attributed to gastrointestinal cancers (gi ca). we investigated the levels of 2 different heavy metals (cd and pb) in the soils of the lenjanat region, isfahan province, central iran where in...

background: an explosion of research has been done in discovering how human health is affected by environmental factors. i will discuss the impacts of environmental cancer causing factors and how they continue to cause multiple disruptions in cellular networking. some risk factors may not cause cancer. other factors initiate consecutive genetic mutations that would eventually alter the normal p...

background: carcinoma of the fallopian tube is extremely uncommon neoplasm, accounting for only 0.3% of gynecologic cancers. case: a 17-year-old female patient presented with clinical symptoms of right side deep pelvic pain. ultrasound examination reveals right adenxal mass with breakdown suggesting neoplastic lesion or tubo-ovarian abscess. she was diagnosed clinically as tubo-ovarian mass for...

Few attempts have been made at the molecular detection of urothelial cancer cells in the blood or lymph nodes mainly because of an absence of good candidate molecular or genetic changes specific to urothelial cancer or urothelium. In 1990, however, genes that encode urothelium-specific transmembrane proteins, uroplakins (UPs), were cloned. We have established a method of detecting circulating c...

down-regulation of osteopontin and breast tumour progression in vivo is highly interesting [1]. Recent studies indicate a close association between not only breast cancer and osteopontin but other systemic malignancies as well. Studies over the past few years have especially shown a strong relationship between osteopontin expression and oral carcinogenesis. For instance, Devoll et al. in a rece...