a good knowledge of the parameters causing casing damage is critically important due to vital role of casing during the life of a well. cement sheath, which fills in the gap between the casing and wellbore wall, has a profound effect on the resistance of the casing against applied loads. most of the empirical equations proposed to estimate the collapse resistance of casing ignore the effects of...

4 large hameter casing design was adopted for 34 vells drilled in the Philippines using 13-3/8” mduction casing in combination with 9-5/8’ slotted iner to improve well output and to reduce space equirement in collaring the wells. Well test results ndicate an increase in production by as much as !50% compared with wells using the usual string ambination of 9-5/8” and 7-518”. In the 600 MWe q t e...

A study was conducted to determine the half-life (t1/2), degradation rate, and metabolites of metolachlor in a water-sediment system and in soil with and without switchgrass. Metolachlor degradation in a laboratory was determined in sediment from Bojac sandy loam soil incubated at 24 degrees C. The study also was conducted in a greenhouse on tilted beds filled with Bojac soil and planted with s...

Rodrick D. Lentz* USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab. 3793 N 3600 E Kimberly, ID 83341 High water infiltration rates in unlined canals, reservoirs, and the inflow end of furrows relative to outflow ends result in excessive seepage losses and reduced furrow irrigation application uniformity. This study evaluated the use of cross-linked, anionic, polyacrylamide hydrogel (XPAM), ...

abstractbackground and objectives:anise (pimpinella anisum l.) is an annual medicinal plant which belonged to the apiaaceace family. grain is the most important organ to produce essential oil of anise. in order to produce medicinal plant it is necessary to determine the environmental factors under which they give higher yields and better quality (23). in medicinal plants, balanced fertilization...

Active and passive microwave characteristics of diurnal soil freeze-thaw transitions their relationships are crucial for developing retrieval algorithms the liquid water content ( $\theta _{\mathrm {liq}}$ ) freeze/thaw state, which, ...

To investigate roles of IL-23 in viral infection, we have engineered recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) expressing IL-12 (VV-IL-12) and expressing IL-23 (VV-IL-23). We found VV-IL-23 was less virulent in BALB/c mice than wild-type VV (VV-WT), indicating that IL-23 enhances resistance to VV. VV-specific CTL activity in VV-IL-23-infected mice was slightly higher than activity in VV-WT-inoculated mic...

Steam Turbines are devices used to convert thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy, which may be used to produce Electrical Energy. Steam turbine generator units are being used extensively all over the world for generation of electric power and for co-generation of steam and power. Contact pressure and pretension in bolts-analysis has been made easier in recent years due to the availabil...

A G-rich nucleic acid-tethered acrylamide/N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) copolymer is prepared. The nucleic acid-modified pNIPAM chains assemble, in the presence of K ions, into a stimuli-responsive G-quadruplex-crosslinked pNIPAM hydrogel undergoing cyclic and reversible solution/hydrogel/solid transitions. Addition of kryptofix [2.2.2], CP, to the K-stabilized G-quadruplex-crosslinked hydrogel...