Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata [Lamb.] Hook) is one of the most important plantation tree species in China with good timber quality and fast growth. It covers an area of 8.54 million hectare, which corresponds to 21% of the total plantation area and 32% of total plantation volume in China. With the increasing market demand, an accurate estimation and prediction of merchantable volume at t...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of this study was to compare several parameters of root canal preparation using two different rotary Nickel-Titanium instruments: Pro-Taper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballagigues, Switzerland) and Hero-Shaper (Micro Mega, Besancon, France). METHODS Twelve extracted maxillary premolars were randomly divided into two groups and embedded into a muffle system. All root c...

introduction: there is substantial evidence that the technical quality of root canalfilling has a significant effect on the outcome of root canal treatment. theaim of this study was to evaluate the technical quality of root canal fillingsperformed by dental students. methods: the records of 325 teethradiographs, treated by dental students in 2008-2009 in babol dental school,were selected and ev...

Pain resulting from needle injection is a serious problem for patients that self-administer medication at home. We studied impressions of needle use by comparing PenNeedle® 32G Taper (NovoFine® 32G Tip), developed to reduce the sense of fear and pain of injection, with a conventional needle, in children self-injecting GH. A total of 34 patients self-injected themselves with needles coupled with...

Cylindrical or taper-and-cylinder combination optical fiber probe based on evanescent wave has been widely used for immunofluorescence biosensor to detect various analytes. In this study, in contrast to the contradiction between penetration depth and analyte diameter of optical fiber probe-based evanescent wave, we demonstrate that double-taper optical fiber used in a radiation wave-based all-f...

A major source of patterning problems in low-k1 lithography is line-end pullback. Though geometric metrics such as CD at gate edge have served as good indicators, the ever-rising contribution of line-end extension to layout area necessitates reducing pessimism in qualifying line-end patterning. Electrically-aware metrics for line-ends can be helpful in this regard. In this work, we calculate th...

Article history: Received June 6 2014 Received in Revised Format September 9 2014 Accepted September 15 2014 Available online September 22 2014 In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a mathematical model in order to study the relationship between laser cutting parameters such as laser power, cutting speed, assist gas pressure and focus position, and kerf taper angle obtained in CO2 ...

A simple low-cost Y-branch plastic optical fiber (POF) coupler which can be assembled easily by the end users has been developed. The acrylic-based Y-Branch POF coupler consists of input POF fiber, a middle high index contrast waveguide taper and output POF fibers. The optical device is based on a 1 × 2 Y-branch coupler design with a middle high index contrast waveguide taper. Nonsequential ray...

AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of final canal taper on the sealing ability of Thermafil by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four single-rooted teeth were instrumented to apical size 40 taper 4, 6 and 8%. Teeth were divided into three groups. All teeth were filled with Thermafil (Dentsply,Tulsa Dental Products). Using micro-CT, root...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the dimensional standard of several nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary files and verify the size conformity. MATERIALS AND METHODS ProFile (Dentsply Maillefer), RaCe (FKG Dentaire), and TF file (SybronEndo) #25 with a 0.04 and 0.06 taper were investigated, with 10 in each group for a total of 60 files. Digital images of Ni-Ti files were captured und...