This paper provides a unified treatment of externalities associated with fertility and human capital accumulation as they relate to pension systems. It considers as overlapping generations model in which every generation consists of high earners and low earners with the proportion of types being determined endogenously. The number of children is deterministically chosen but the children’s futur...

This paper offers a critical commentary on the launch process for a large commercial aircraft (LCA). Using the Boeing 7e7 as an example, we argue that the contemporary launch process bears little resemblance to previous practices. Specifically, the launch process involves both domestic and foreign subsidies because US production is now organized under a ‘systems integration’ basis. Under system...

Financial safety nets are intended to reduce the likelihood and severity of financial crises that have macroeconomic externalities. While safety nets are intended to confer benefits on the macroeconomy, their design and implementation may confer disproportionate benefits on identifiable sectors, such as banks and depositors. In this study, we distinguish between safety net benefits and subsidie...

OBJECTIVES There is an urgent need to understand how to improve targeting of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) to patients with confirmed malaria infection, including subsidised ACTs sold over-the-counter. We hypothesised that offering an antimalarial subsidy conditional on a positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) would increase uptake of testing and improve rational use of ACTs. ME...

Start-up subsidies are a frequently employed policy instrument, the use of which is justified by alleged market failure resulting from positive external effects and capital market imperfections. This article investigates whether the allocation of subsidies reflects a policy focus on addressing these market failure occurrences. However, using survey data from the East German state of Thuringia, ...

We use a theoretical model and empirically-calibrated simulations of the automobile market to show how the traditional logic of Pigouvian taxation changes when consumers are inattentive to energy costs. Under inattention, there is a "Triple Dividend" from externality taxes: aside from reducing the provision of public bads and generating government revenue, they also reduce allocative ine¢ cienc...

Subsidizing is usually controlled and provided by governments and NGOs in many countries, and is considered as a strategic service. Subsidizing is important because it provides a means for needy customers to obtain certain services, they cannot afford paying their original prices. The revolution in the technology used in mobile phones and the wide use of these mobile phones, have led to the ide...

Subsidy programs are typically accompanied by large costs due to the difficulty of screening those who should receive the program from those who would have purchased the good anyway. We design and implement a platform intended to increase the take-up of improved sanitation services by targeting the poorest households for subsidies. The project proceeds in two stages: we first create a demand mo...

Since 1978 the federal government has implemented a variety of programs to promote the adoption of children from foster care. A key part of these programs has been the use of subsidies to lower the cost of adopting and parenting children who have been in foster care. Although subsidies are a key part of federal policy, there has been little empirical research on the effect of subsidies on adopt...

developing electrical energy is one of the basic needs for development, so equipping the rural regions and villiages is one of the main responisiblities of thirdworld countries. in this study, we used economic evaluation indexes to compare electrification to baghtaj village by power grid expansion and application of solar photovoltaic systems. economic evaluation indexes suggests that in the ab...