The tarsus is a common etiology of hindlimb lameness in the horse. The distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints are considered the wear and tear joints of the hindlimbs and are a common source of reduced performance. Conformation, such as a sickle hock, may increase the stress across the distal hocks, but occupation and athleticism are the chief culprits involved with increasing the shear ...

U pward fixation of the patella is a syndrome most commonly reported in the horse but also occurs frequently in working bullocks and male buffaloes of India, while calves and cows below two years of age were involved sporadically (1 -4). The condition is less frequent in other countries, and is usually seen in dairy cattle late in gestation (5-8). The duration and severity of the lameness incre...

Three species of the genus Pseudovelia Hoberlandt, 1950 from China are described as new: Pseudovelia recava sp. nov. from Guizhou, P. sichuanensis sp. nov. from Sichuan and P. spiculata sp. nov. from Taiwan. Photographs of the male dorsal habitus, male forelegs, male middle legs, male hind legs, details of the fore tibia and hind tarsus, and genitalic structures are provided, accompanied by lin...

purpose:  to report a patient with pretarsal dermoid cyst. patient and findings: a 2.5-year-old girl presented with a pretarsal upper lid mass and underwent excisional biopsy. a 1.0´1.0 cm cystic mass attached to upper lid tarsus was completely excised. pathologic study of the specimen revealed a dermoid cyst. conclusion: although pretarsal dermoid cyst is rare; it should be considered in all c...

We describe a mixed gynandromorph of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) nigrocincta from a single specimen from Argentina. The specimen presents bilateral asymmetry, with the right half of its head displaying male characters and the left half displaying female characters; the mesosoma presents male characters mostly in the right half of the prothorax, pronotal lobe and distal half of the fore tibia and in ...

The distal region of the Drosophila leg, the tarsus, is divided into five segments (ta I-V) and terminates in the pretarsus, which is characterized by a pair of claws. Several homeobox genes are expressed in distinct regions of the tarsus, including aristaless (al) and lim1 in the pretarsus, Bar (B) in ta IV and V, and apterous (ap) in ta IV. This pattern is governed by regulatory interactions ...

PURPOSE To identify the microscopic characteristics of lower eyelid retractors in Korean individuals and to elucidate age-related changes in lower eyelid retractors. METHODS Eighteen Korean lower eyelids from formalin-fixed cadavers were stained with Masson's trichrome. Specimens were divided into two groups based on age at death (group A, ≤65 years; group B, >65 years), and the microscopic f...

The Hawaiian Drosophilidae radiation is an ecologically and morphologically diverse clade of almost 700 described species. A phylogenetic approach is key to understanding the evolutionary forces that have given rise to this diverse lineage. Here we infer the phylogeny for the antopocerus, modified tarsus and ciliated tarsus (AMC) clade, a lineage comprising 16% (91 of 687 species) of the descri...

OBJECTIVES The object of this study was to describe previously defined soft tissue structures by using spin and gradient sequences in a 0.5 Tesla magnetic resonance system in order to improve the characterisation of tendon and ligaments at the plantar region of the equine tarsus and metatarsus while considering possible age-related variations. METHODS Cadaveric hindlimbs from twenty-two Warmb...

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) among adults is commonly observed in animals and is considered to be adaptive. However, the ontogenic emergence of SSD, i.e. the timing of divergence in body size between males and females, has only recently received attention. It is widely acknowledged that the ontogeny of SSD may differ between species, but it remains unclear how variable the ontogeny of SSD is wi...