The aim of the present study was to formulate polymer microspheres using emulsion solvent evaporation technique as an approach mask bitter taste enalapril maleate. Five models were prepared with two water-insoluble polymers. Talc used stabilize particle structure. Production yields ranged from 38 % 53 %; drug loading varied between 17 and 40 mean size 140 μm 339 μm. No interaction polymers esti...

Over the last three decades industrial adaptability has allowed hot-melt extrusion (HME) to gain wide acceptance and has already established its place in the broad spectrum of manufacturing operations and pharmaceutical research developments. HME has already been demonstrated as a robust, novel technique to make solid dispersions in order to provide time controlled, modified, extended, and targ...

Ion exchange resins (IER) are cross-linked, water insoluble polymers carrying ionizable functional groups on their repeating positions. They are considered as safe materials due to their insoluble and nonabsorbable nature. This advantage made IER subject of several research in different areas of pharmaceutical technology such as oral sustained release, taste masking, rapid dissolution, stabilit...

Film coating is an essential unit operation in tablet manufacturing. Most tablet dosage forms in the market are film coated. The main purpose for coating of immediate release film dosage form is to provide colour identification, to enhance the stability, taste masking. It is also noted that film coating can improve the processibility and handling during pharmaceutical manufacturing and is the m...

Manduca sexta caterpillars are unusual because they exhibit strong peripheral gustatory responses to sugars, but nevertheless fail to show immediate appetitive responses to them. We hypothesized that the primary function of the peripheral gustatory response to sugars is to mask the taste of noxious compounds, which abound in host plants of M. sexta. We compared 10 s biting responses to water wi...

BACKGROUND Children's aversions to poor and mostly bitter tastes and their inability to swallow tablets and capsules are major challenges in pediatric medicine. Sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB) is a lifesaving waste nitrogen, alternative to urea nitrogen, for individuals suffering from urea cycle disorders. A major issue in the use of NaPB is its highly foul taste, which often leads to children bei...

An improved formulation of the enteral nutrient Aminoleban EN (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), has been commercially available since Spring 2004. Like the previous formulation, the improved product contains branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) L-isoleucine (L-Ile), L-leucine (L-Leu), and L-valine (L-Val), but the average particle size of these amino acids has been increased to 180...

Natural resources in general and plant materials in particular are receiving more attention due to their safety as pharmaceutical excipients. Present work assessed the potential of a natural polysaccharide, pectin to mask the bitter taste of ambroxol hydrochloride, by microencapsulation technique, and its possibility to formulate as a fast disintegrating dosage form. Taste masking is an importa...

Caffeine, generally known as a stimulant of gastric acid secretion (GAS), is a bitter-tasting compound that activates several taste type 2 bitter receptors (TAS2Rs). TAS2Rs are expressed in the mouth and in several extraoral sites, e.g., in the gastrointestinal tract, in which their functional role still needs to be clarified. We hypothesized that caffeine evokes effects on GAS by activation of...