Early, presymptomatic intervention with oseltamivir (corresponding to the onset of a published host-based genomic signature of influenza infection) resulted in decreased overall influenza symptoms (aggregate symptom scores of 23.5 vs 46.3), more rapid resolution of clinical disease (20 hours earlier), reduced viral shedding (total median tissue culture infectious dose [TCID50] 7.4 vs 9.7), and ...

A number of S-esters 4-R-aminobenzene¬thiosulfonic acids were synthesized via alkylation the sodium salt 4-acetylaminobenzenethiosulfonic acid with various alkylating agents and acylation corresponding esters 4-aminobenzenethiosulfonic metha-cryloyl chloride. For obtaining S-methyl 4-(acetyla-mino)benzenesulfonothioate, it was developed a synthetic technique to basic principles "green chemistry...

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was applied to detect BHV-1 in bovine semen inoculated with BHV-1. The technique was found to be 10(6) times more sensitive than a non-isotopic dot-blot hybridization method in detecting viral genomic DNA. Of the three primer pairs used, the one chosen from glycoprotein gC appeared to be most sensitive as it could detect up to 0.01 TCID50 of BHV-1 in th...

Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) Smith strain is widely used in mouse models to study HCMV infections. Due to high serial passages, MCMV Smith has acquired genetic and biological changes. Therefore, a low passaged strain would be more relevant to develop mouse models. Here, the pathogenesis of an infection with MCMV Smith was compared with that of an infection with a low passaged Belgian MCMV isol...

PURPOSE Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe ocular infection caused by a few types (8, 19a [relabeled as 64 recently], 37, 53, and 54) of human adenoviruses (HAdVs). HAdVs are known for their strong host species specificity that limits studying HAdV virulence and pathophysiology in animal models. METHODS A HAdV infection model of primary porcine corneal epithelial cells (PPCE) and...

Herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) are members of the Herpesviridae family. About 40% to 80% of the world populations are infected with HSV and its prevalence is high in Iran. The high prevalence of this virus in the community and the ability of the virus in causing fatal diseases among immunocompromised patients, have encouraged studies to be performed on HSV and suitable cell ...

Background: The emergence of drug-resistant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been increasingly reported. Therefore, attempts to discover new antiviral agents in particular from natural compounds are required. In this study, we evaluated the possible inhibitory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Sambucus ebulus (S. ebulus) against HSV-1.    Methods: S. ebulus extract was pro...

Background: Bacillus clausii is being studied as a probiotic candidate. There insufficient information on the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of B. clausii. Objectives: The present investigation was designed to evaluate anti-bacterial, anti-adenoviral, apoptosis-inducing activity cell-free supernatant (CFS). Methods: First, collected after culture for 24 h. Then, its anti-bacterial impact ...

One important aim in cell culture-based viral vaccine and vector production is the implementation of continuous processes. Such a development has the potential to reduce costs of vaccine manufacturing as volumetric productivity is increased and the manufacturing footprint is reduced. In this work, continuous production of Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus was investigated. First, a semi-cont...

Infrared thermography was evaluated as a technique to determine if raccoons (Procyon lotor) experimentally infected with rabies virus could be differentiated from noninfected raccoons. Following a 10-day adjustment period, raccoons (n 6) were infected with a virulent rabies street strain raccoon variant by injection into the masseter muscle at a dose of 2 104 tissue-culture infectious dose (TCI...