Part of the reason for the lack of literature addressing the antecedents of game play (rather than the outcome) was that it was perceived as being a technologically deterministic approach. Social scientists wish to believe that human behavior is something that can be cognitively. This paradigm has led most of the research on media effects, which examine socio-psychological factors that are uniq...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method for evaluating the relative efficiency of a set of firms in a production process. Estimation of cost efficiency is one of the branches of performance evaluation. Cost efficiency evaluates the ability of producing current output with minimum available cost. Now let's assume that there are several groups of firms that operate separately and have differe...

This paper examines when information asymmetry among investors affects the cost of capital in excess of standard risk factors. When equity markets are perfectly competitive, information asymmetry has no separate effect on the cost of capital. When markets are imperfect, information asymmetry can have a separate effect on firms’ cost of capital. Consistent with our prediction, we find that infor...

Capital-account liberalization was once seen as an inevitable step along the path to economic development for poor countries. Liberalizing the capital account, it was said, would permit financial resources to flow from capitalabundant countries, where expected returns were low, to capital-scarce countries, where expected returns were high. The flow of resources into the liberalizing countries w...

The importance of international markets is constantly emphasized for small and medium enterprises(SMEs). In previous studies, technological innovation capabilities were as a factor that enables SMEs to compete in the market. To this end, need cooperate with external partners strengthen their thus improve performance. With perspective view open innovation, research explores effects relational ca...

We report on small-scale experiments of simple, repeated asset markets in two risky securities and one riskfree security. As in large-scale experiments, steady convergence towards the CAPM is discovered, but the process is slower and convergence halts before reaching the actual equilibrium. There is evidence that subjects gradually move up in mean-variance space, in accordance with the CAPM. Ye...

Most social Q&A sites are designed to support solo searchers who access the aggregated opinions of other users, and ask and answer questions of their own. The purpose of this paper is to show how users in one social Q&A community defy system constraints to engage in brief, informal episodes of collaborative information seeking called microcollaborations. A brief literature review is presented, ...

introduction sarcheshmeh copper mine is regarded as the second largest copper deposit in the world. this is one of the largest industrial-mining complexes in the world and the largest producer of copper in iran. this complex plays an important role in iran’s economy. in 2012, this complex created employment for about 8000 people in iran and produced 203065 tons of copper cathodes. however, high...