The morphology of a city affects its ecological and socioeconomic functions, and thus how a city is spatially structured has important bearings on urban sustainability. The paper analyzes the spatial pattern of Beijing in relation to its urban functions. Our results show that the 6 concentric ring-roads in Beijing provide a basic framework for the city’s overall spatial pattern, andalso give it...

To examine factors influencing home death, an anonymous survey was mailed to 998 home care supporting clinics (HCSCs) in the 23 wards of Tokyo, Japan. We classified the HCSCs into two types (single physician practice and multiple physician practice) and identified factors of each type of practice that predict home death. The factors associated with a greater probability of dying at home were as...

Data from the past suggest that maternal deaths mostly occurred due to obstetric complications, like postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis or maternal morbidities, like eclampsia and cardiac diseases. This trend, however, has changed over a period of time in developing countries, like India where increasing number of maternal deaths have been attributed in recent years to preventable infectious causes,...

در دهه‌های اخیر چیدمان هندسی و عناصر ریخت‌شناسی شهرها به مثابۀ عوامل مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری شدت بخشیدن پدیدۀ جزیرۀ حرارتی بیش‌ازپیش شناخته پژوهش‌هایی خصوص یافتن تأثیرات شاخص‌های معرف این موضوعات مقیاس‌های فضایی مختلف پدیده انجام شده است، هرچند تأثیر مکانی‌ـ زمانی شاخص‌ها نیز مدلی برای تفسیر طبقه‌بندی آن‌ها تنها سالیان موضوع برخی از مطالعات بوده است. متأسفانه زمینۀ طرح‌شده شهرهای بزرگ مهم کشور کماکان ...

This paper brings a preliminary viewpoint on the interface between port cities, urban regions and their transportation systems in the particular context of Singapore. The development of the regional Singaporian transactional space includes the province of Johor in Malaysia and the Riau islands in Indonesia. The resulting spatial pattern and linkages form an Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). W...

BACKGROUND New pharmacological therapies are challenging the healthcare systems, and there is an increasing need to assess their therapeutic value in relation to existing alternatives as well as their potential budget impact. Consequently, new models to introduce drugs in healthcare are urgently needed. In the metropolitan health region of Stockholm, Sweden, a model has been developed including...

Carole Rakodi is a Professor of International Urban Development in the International Development Department, School of Government and Society, University of Birmingham, England. She is a geographer and town planner, who has worked as a professional and researcher in developing countries for many years, mainly in Africa. Her main interests are in urban governance and politics, urban land, liveli...

In a context of globalization, municipalities and metropolitan regions are involved in international competition to support economic growth. This leads to new forms of collaboration between public authorities and businesses, giving birth to new forms of urban and metropolitan governances. Moreover, many old neighborhoods of the central city and some districts of the old suburbs face growth in u...

Brest cancer is still the most common cancer among Female in the world and is prevalent in different parts of Iran too. Silicone implants were applied for augmentation of the breast for aesthetic goals or post-lumpectomy or mastectomy because of malignancies in the tissue. The implant was shown to have inflammatory, fibro Proliferate response and connective tissue disorders. In January issue of...