This tutorial review describes the evolution of the field of chemical templation, in particular, emphasising the impact its application has made to the synthesis of mechanically interlocked structures. Recent advances in the use of negatively charged template species for the synthesis of interlocked structures are detailed, with the main focus of this review describing the development of a gene...

Polar organic compounds, including DMSO, increase RNA synthesis on isolated chromatin by E. coli RNA polymerase and RNA polymerase II from calf thymus. Transcription is stimulated on chromatin from Friend-virus-infected erythroleukemia cells and from various other sources. Using procedures which inhibit specifically the formation of a stable initiation complex, it is shown that the stimulation ...

RNA template-polymerase complex, influenza virus, complementary RNA (synthesis in vitro) The enzyme-template complex of influenza RNA polymerase (fowl plague virus) was purified 200-fold. The sole virus component found in this preparation was RNP-antigen. All attempts to remove the internal template led to an irreversible loss of enzyme activity. The complex was essentially free of nucleases. I...

In the past decades, many methods have been developed to synthesize zero- dimensional  nanoparticles, quasi–one–dimensional (1D) CuO nanostructures, such as metal organic deposition technique,  microwave irradiation, sol-gel-like dip  technique, reverse micelle-assisted route, chemical method, and simple template free solution route. Among those synthesis methods, hydrothermal and chemical reac...

Quantum Boolean circuit synthesis issues are becoming a key area of research in the domain of quantum computing. For gate-level synthesis, minterm based and ReedMuller canonical decomposition techniques are adopted as common approaches. Physical implementation of quantum circuits have inherent constraints and hence nearest neighbour template of input lines is gaining importance. In this work, w...

molecular sieves and zeolites are materials whose crystalline frameworks form nanometer or subnanometer pores. a variety of different crystal structures are known having a range of pore sizes. because the pore sizes are usually smaller than 2 nm, they are classified as microporous materials. synthesis of microporous materials is usually conducted by the high temperature treatment (80-200 °c) of...

Synthesis of mesoporous graphene materials by soft-template methods remains a great challenge, owing to the poor self-assembly capability of precursors and the severe agglomeration of graphene nanosheets. Herein, a micelle-template strategy to prepare porous graphene materials with controllable mesopores, high specific surface areas and large pore volumes is reported. By fine-tuning the synthes...

The template-based method is one of the most successful approaches to algebraic invariant synthesis. In this method, an algorithm designates a template polynomial p over program variables, generates constraints for p = 0 to be an invariant, and solves the generated constraints. However, this approach often suffers from an increasing template size if the degree of a template polynomial is too hi...

Cored polymeric nanoparticles were prepared using an adenosine template and allylated hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPGs). The HPGs contained a single alkyne that was capable of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with a decaazido adenosine template to facilitate the rapid synthesis of HPGs containing a large number of allyl end-groups. Ring closing metathesis (RCM) mediated cross-linking at high dilution...

In the synthesis of zeolites and related crystalline materials with open-frameworks, a single structure is obtained in the presence of many different templates, known as the "one-structure/multiple-templates" phenomenon. However, the reasons behind this phenomenon have yet to be elucidated. By analyzing the possible starting point of crystallization in several "one-structure/multiple-templates"...