(From the Rockefeller Institute !or Medical Research, New York.) The immunity which human beings develop towards vaccinia, after a successful vaccination, is the classical example of an artificially induced active immunity. The duration of the immunity to vaccinia is variable but extends frequently over many years. Many animals are subject to inoculation with vaccinia and they show, as in the c...

The scientific community often portrays science as a value-neutral enterprise that crisply demarcates facts from personal value judgments. We argue that this depiction is unrealistic and important to correct because science serves an important knowledge generation function in all modern societies. Policymakers often turn to scientists for sound advice, and it is important for the wellbeing of s...

The emergence of resource-rich mobile devices and smart vehicles has paved the way for Urban Sensing. In this new paradigm, users sense their environment and become part of an unprecedented large-scale network of sensors, with extensive spatial and temporal coverage, that enables the collection and dissemination of real-time information, practically, from anywhere. Urban sensing can facilitate ...

This paper presents empirical results comparing spoken and keyboard communication. It is shown that speakers a t tempt to achieve more detailed goals in giving instructions than do users of keyboards. One specific kind of f ine-grained communicative act, a request that the hearer identify the referent of a noun phrase, is shown to dominate spoken instruction-giving discourse, but is nearly abse...

At AAAI-15 (25–29 January 2015) in Austin, Texas, we met to celebrate the impact of the Shakey project, which took place from 1966 to 1972 at the Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International) in Menlo Park. We researchers in artificial intelligence during this time in history have the privilege of working on some of the most fundamental and exciting scientific and engineering problems of ...

Several workers (l-3) have reported that lipase activity assayed in homogenates of adipose tissue is increased by exposure of the tissue to epinephrine or to adrenocorticotropic hormone prior to homogenization. In general, the magnitude of the increases observed has been small compared to the large effects of these hormones on glycerol format,ion by the intact tissae. In studies of whole homoge...

Moore and Pollack have recently given an analysis of R.ST relations in tel'mS of in tent ional versus in format ional levels of discourse [5]. Accol'ding to their (convincing) analysis, presentational RST relations correspond to the intentional level of discourse and subject matter relations to the inlbrmational level. For each text there shouhl exist two RST analyses: one containing only prese...

I t has been shown in this laboratory that x-rays administered in doses sufficient to destroy a large proportion of the lymphoid tissue reduce the resistance of the animal to transplanted cancer. 1 Furthermore, both potential and established induced immunity can be destroyed by a similar process3 I t has also been shown that small doses of x-rays sufficient to stimulate the lymphocytes increase...

Recent experimental studies have shown that the local b inding of circulating ant ibody with antigens existing or planted within the glomerulus can result in damage to this structure (1-6). In particular, chemically cationized proteins are able to bind to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), act as a planted antigen, and induce in situ immune complex formation accompanied by marked proteinur...

One of the basic problems in life is: Given information (from the past), make decisions (that will affect the future). One of the classical actuarial examples is the adaptive ratemaking (or credibility) procedures ; here the premium of a given risk is sequentially adjusted, taking into account the claims experience available when the decisions are made. In some cases, the rates are fixed and th...