Mercury is a toxic and bio-accumulative heavy metal of global concern. While good deals of research have been conducted on the toxic effects of mercury, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of male reproductive dysfunction induced by mercury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects and underlying mechanisms of chronic mercury exposure at low l...

background: imbalances between the oxidant-antioxidant status have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including oral cancer. majority of oral cancer are preceded by a well-recognized group of pre-malignant lesions. however, only a small fraction of those lesions, undergo malignant transformation. hence, there is a great need to identify biological markers, which will assis...

background: over the past few years, the rapid use of high frequency electromagnetic fields like mobile phones has raised global concerns about the negative health effects of its use. adaptive response is the ability of a cell or tissue to better resist stress damage by prior exposure to a lesser amount of stress. this study aimed to assess whether radiofrequency radiation can induce adaptive r...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the formation and persistence of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions by acting on distinct pathological processes. In the initial phase of MS lesion development, locally produced ROS may induce blood-brain barrier disruption and enhance leukocyte migration and myelin phagocytosis. In advanced stages, ROS may contribute to lesion persistence by mediating o...

Normal cells are protected by antioxidant enzymes from the toxic effects of high concentrations of reactive oxygen species generated during cellular metabolism. Even though cancer cells generate reactive oxygen species, it has been demonstrated biochemically that antioxidant enzyme levels are low in most animal and human cancers. However, a few cancer types have been found to have elevated leve...