A compressed text database based on the compressed suffix array is proposed. The compressed suffix array of Grossi and Vitter occupies only O(n) bits for a text of length n; however it also uses the text itself that occupies O(n log |Σ|) bits for the alphabet Σ. On the other hand, our data structure does not use the text itself, and supports important operations for text databases: inverse, sea...

Thermal fluctuations in cell membranes manifest as an excess area ([Formula: see text]) which governs a multitude of physical process at the sub-micron scale. We present a theoretical framework, based on an in silico tether pulling method, which may be used to reliably estimate [Formula: see text] in live cells. We perform our simulations in two different thermodynamic ensembles: (i) the consta...

We discuss classical electrodynamics and the Aharonov–Bohm effect in presence of minimal length. In former, we derive equation motion corresponding Lagrangian. latter, adopt generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) compute scattering cross-section up to first-order GUP parameter [Formula: see text]. Even though length exists, is invariant under simultaneous change text], where text] are azimutha...

The MEA is an integral approach of block cipher and transposition cipher method. It takes 64 bit plain text input and produces 64 bit cipher text as in IDEA [13] with modified key schedule to avoid possibilities of weak keys. It further makes transposition of the 64 bit cipher text to 128 bit end cipher text for disk storage. The increased length of end cipher text is a trade-off between the de...

Given an alphabet A, a pattern p is a sequence (v l , . . . ,vm) of words from A* called keywords. We represent p as a single word vl@.. 9 @vm, where @ ~ A is a distinguished symbol called variable length don't care symbol. Pattern p is said to match a text t E A* if t = UoVlUa...um_xv,~u,~ for some u0 , . . . ,u ,~ E A' . In this paper we address the following problem: given a set P of pattern...

In the main text, we noted that the shape parameters (characteristic length, Λ, and loop radius, Ro) of the patterns only depend weakly on the deployment height. To resolve this height dependence of the pattern length scales, we have performed a series of numerical simulations where we have varied the normalized deployment height, H̄, while keeping the gravito-bending length fixed at Lgb = 3.3 c...

There is little evidence that readability formula outcomes relate to text understanding. The potential cause may lie in their strong reliance on word and sentence length. We evaluated word familiarity rather than word length as a stand-in for word difficulty. Word familiarity represents how well known a word is, and is estimated using word frequency in a large text corpus, in this work the Goog...

Food web structure is paramount in regulating a variety of ecologic patterns and processes, although food web studies are limited by poor empirical descriptions of inherently complex systems. In this study, stable isotope ratios (δ15N and δ13C) were used to quantify trophic relationships and food chain length (measured as a continuous variable) in 14 Ontario and Quebec lakes. All lakes containe...

In this paper we build on earlier observations and theory regarding word length frequency and sequential distribution to develop a mathematical characterization of some of the language features distinguishing isometrically lineated text from unlineated text, in other words the features distinguishing isometrical verse from prose. It is shown that the frequency of Qn of n syllables making comple...