Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive and lethal pleural cancer that overexpresses transforming growth factor B (TGFB). We investigated the efficacy of a novel small-molecule TGFB type I receptor (ALK5) kinase inhibitor, SM16, in the AB12 syngeneic model of malignant mesothelioma. SM16 inhibited TGFB signaling seen as decreased phosphorylated Smad2/3 levels in cultured AB12 cells (IC50, f200 ...

Although the potential roles of endothelial cells in themicrovascules of prostate cancer during angiogenesis have been documented, their direct impacts on the prostate cancer metastasis remain unclear. We found that the CD31-positive and CD34-positive endothelial cells are increased in prostate cancer compared with the normal tissues and that these endothelial cells were decreased upon castrati...

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by depigmentation, caused autoreactive IFNg-producing CD8+ T cells (CD8s) that target melanocytes and promote their destruction. Using single-cell RNA sequencing from the of vitiligo patients as well healthy controls, we determined CD8s directly communicate through TGFb signaling, with CD8-specific production TGFb1 melanocyte-specific TGFb2. ...

Many premature babies who are born with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) go on to develop Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) and later Post-Prematurity Respiratory Disease (PRD) at one year corrected age, characterized by persistent or recurrent lower tract symptoms frequently related inflammation viral infection. Transcriptomic profiles were generated from sorted peripheral blood CD8...

Methods We performed gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy in 16 children with JIA suffering from gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The control children (n=25) had GIsymptoms, but eventually were shown not to have any significant GI disease. We analyzed in duodenal and ileal biopsy samples the mRNA expression of IFNg, TGFb, IL6, IL4, FoxP3, IL17A, CTLA4, ICOS, GITR, IL10, IL18, IL12p40, IL23, TLR2, ...

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is expressed in human endometrium and has been shown to play an integral role in local cellular interactions during implantation. In addition, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and its inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), are crucial during implantation, mediating in vitro trophoblast penetration, and are regulated by several cytokines expressed by ...