Four pancreatic islet-specific CD4+ helper T (Th) 1 (Th1) clones and two Th1 clones transduced with an SRalpha promoter-linked murine IL-10 (mIL-10) cDNA of 2.0-6.0 x 10(6) cells were adoptively transferred to nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice at age 8 d. Cyclophosphamide (CY) was administered at age 37 d (plus CY), and the incidence of diabetes and the histological grade of insulitis were examined ...

Recent studies have shown that neonatal mice are competent to develop mature, Ag-specific Th1 function in situ. However, under many conditions, Th2 responses dominate in the neonate, while Th1 responses are more prevalent in adults. To compare further the immune responses of neonates and adults, we used the enzyme-linked immunospot method to measure the frequencies of primary Th1/Th2 effectors ...

Th cell differentiation from naive precursors is a tightly controlled process; the most critical differentiation factor is the action of the driving cytokine: IL-12 for Th1 development, IL-4 for Th2 development. We found that CD4(+) T cells from nonobese diabetic mice spontaneously differentiate into IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells in response to polyclonal TCR stimulation in the absence of IL-12...

The linear model of Th cell lineage commitment is being revised due to reports that mature Th cells can trans-differentiate into alternate lineages. This ability of Th cells to reprogram is thought to be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms that control expression of transcription factors characteristic of opposing lineages. It is unclear, however, to what extent this new model of Th cell plastic...

During infection, the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, so-called "alarmins," orchestrates the immune response. The alarmin IL-33 plays a role in a wide range of pathologies. Upon release, IL-33 signals through its receptor ST2, which reportedly is expressed only on CD4(+) T cells of the Th2 and regulatory subsets. Here we show that Th1 effector cells also express ST2 upon differ...

Abstract Cancer is a systemic disease. Due to the exceedingly rare occurrence of metastasis cerebral glioma, alterations have, however, not been considered play major role in disease progression glioma. T cells orchestrate adaptive immune response an antigen-specific, cytokine mediated manner. The aim our study was investigate how glioma impacts cell immunobiology. We performed gene expression ...

Interferon (IFN)-β is a front-line therapy for the treatment of the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis. However, its immunosuppressive mechanism of function remains incompletely understood. While it has been proposed that IFN-β suppresses the function of inflammatory myelin antigen-reactive T cells by promoting the release of immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-27 from antigen-pre...

the differential activation of th1 and th2 cells using mafosfamide (mafo) was investigated in vitro in a rat model of alloreactivity. the results of this study are compatible with the hypothesis that mafo, like its parent compound cyclophosphamide, is selectively active against th2-type t-helper cells when administered at low doses (

BACKGROUND Although T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells are considered important in atherosclerosis, the relationships between Th1 and Th2 cells and atherosclerosis have not been examined in population-based studies. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured Th cells as a percentage of lymphocytes by flow cytometry using CD4 staining (%CD4) in 917 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We a...