Background: The mammalian thalamus relays sensory information from the periphery to the cerebral cortex for cognitive processing via the thalamocortical tract. The thalamocortical tract forms during embryonic development controlled by mechanisms that are not fully understood. b-catenin is a nuclear and cytosolic protein that transduces signals from secreted signaling molecules to regulate both ...

It has long been assumed that the main function of the mammillary bodies is to provide a relay for indirect hippocampal inputs to the anterior thalamic nuclei. Such models afford the mammillary bodies no independent role in memory and overlook the importance of their other, non-hippocampal, inputs. This review focuses on recent advances that herald a new understanding of the importance of the m...

UNLABELLED The primary visual cortex (V1) receives its main thalamic drive from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) through synaptic contacts terminating primarily in cortical layer IV. In contrast, the projections from the pulvinar nucleus to the cortex are less clearly defined. The pulvinar projects predominantly to layer I in V1, and layer IV in extrastriate areas. These projection ...

The present investigation used an antibody directed against the extracellular domain of the signal transducing nerve growth factor receptor, trkA, to reveal immunoreactive perikarya or fibers within the olfactory bulb and tubercle, cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens, striatum, endopiriform nucleus, septal/diagonal band complex, nucleus basalis, hippocampal complex, thalamic paraventricular and...

We have examined whether degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons causes dysfunction of both the basal ganglia-thalamic and cerebello-thalamic pathways. Changes in the activity of thalamic neurons receiving input from the basal ganglia or the cerebellum were examined in two models of Parkinson's disease, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro...

introduction: nigrothalamocortical tract is one of the important outputs of the basal ganglia, but its role in motor disturbances is still vauge, beacause there is little informations on its connection structure. some electrophysiological and pharmacological studies report that non-dopaminergic outputs originate from reticular part of substatia nigra to thalamus. in this study the topographical...