This essay addresses the nature of the medieval transformation of Eurasia from the perspective of China during the Song dynasty (960-1279). Out of the many facets of the wholesale metamorphosis of Chinese society that characterized this era, I focus on the development of an increasingly bureaucratic and autocratic state, the emergence of a semi-autonomous local elite, and the impact on both tre...

According to a song by Gilbert and Sullivan, "Every boy and every gal, That’s born into the world alive, Is either a little Liberal, Or else a little Conservative". The division between liberal and conservative intrudes into many aspects of our lives, triggering arguments between relatives and coworkers, flooding the airwaves and cable news with dueling tirades and polemics, and creating politi...

Argumentation for Case-Based Reasoning Kristijonas Čyras Imperial College London London, UK Ken Satoh National Institute of Informatics Tokyo, Japan Francesca Toni Imperial College London London, UK

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Yusuf S Abdullahi, Leonidas V Athanasopoulos, Marco Moscarelli, Roberto P Casula, Giuseppe Speziale, Khalil Fattouch, Sebastiano Castrovinci, Thanos Athanasiou Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, UK GVM Care & Research Unit, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy De...

National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Thoraxcenter, department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Imperial College London, London, UK; Center for Cardiovascular Telemedicine, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial ...

as a rule, crimes are unforgivable. there fore, forgiveness has virtually no effect on criminal liability. it can only lead to a reduction in punishment . for crimes that are unforgivable, forgiveness can become perplexing and confuse legal authorities. the present paper attempts to discuss the complex dimensions of this issue including forgivable and unforgivable crimes, the court's respo...