How do disagreements between judges on collegial (multimember) courts affect legal policy? We address this question by developing an account of the nature of judicial disagreements in the case-space model of judicial choice. We distinguish between different types of disagreement, from disagreements about case facts to disagreements about how legal rules should treat varying case facts, and cons...

Law enforcement agencies refer approximately two-thirds of all youth arrested to a court with juvenile jurisdiction for further processing. As with law enforcement, the court may decide to divert some juveniles away from the formal justice system to other agencies for service. Prosecutors may file some juvenile cases directly in criminal (adult) court. The net result is that juvenile courts for...

  The international community has always been keen to find ways resolve conflicts and reach solutions, that sometimes leave victims estimated at millions of people. To create a permanent court disputes, especially after the damage afflicted humanity First World War, Countries established League Nations as first organization in parallel with establishment Permanent Court International Justi...

a little noted but notable thing in international law is the fact that states ever comply with its stipulations and strictures voluntarily, this denoting to the legitimacy of the international system and the existence of the international legal community. international obligations erga omnes, including those deriving from the principles and rules concerning the basic rights of the human person ...

abstracttransferor effect of appeal from civil judgment move case in the opinion of court of appeal/investigation of this court does not merely from forms and procedure perspective but investigation comprise the whole of the case.at contemporary world the role of appeal courts fundamentally changed and the process of investigation in the appeal court violated principle of double degree of proce...

ETHIOPIA and Liberia, in applications to the International Court of Justice, alleged that the Union of South Africa [South Africa] has violated Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and the terms of a Mandate under which it has responsibility for administering the Territory of South West Africa. Specifically the petitioning states charge that South Africa, in administering the ter...

the safavid dynasty was the first iranian centralized administration, which chose shia’a branch of islam as the official religion and the judicial system for iran. in safavi period the state officially established two separate and distinct court system. first the state courts (the urf courts) under the supervision of the secular minister of justice (divan-begi) and the secondly the islamic cour...