Nested certificates are used to certify their subject certificates. In this way, the subject certificates can be verified via their nested certificates without using signature verification methods based on public key cryptosystems. Such a verification method is called as subject certificate verification. In this paper, subject certificate verification method will be introduced. It will be shown...

A certificate is a mathematical object that can be used to establish that a piece of mobile code satisfies some security policy. Since in general certificates cannot be generated automatically, there is an interest in developing methods to reuse certificates. This article formalises in the setting of abstract interpretation a method to transform certificates of program correctness along program...

The SSL/TLS protocol suite constitutes the key building block of today’s Internet security, providing encryption and authentication for end-to-end communication with its underlying X.509 certificate infrastructure. However, the system remains brittle due to its liberal delegation of signing authority: a single compromised certification authority undermines trust globally. Several recent high-pr...

A new approach to the deployment of public key infrastructure is presented, based on a separation between the issuing of certificates and the usage of certificates. Certificates are signed assertions by the issuer about the subject of the certificate (holder of corresponding secret key), not necessarily identifying the subject. Typical use of certificate is for access control decisions, to dete...

In 2001, the number of individuals who took the tests of General Educational Development (GED) topped one million for the first time in history. Each year since 1980, between 400,000 and 500,000 individuals have passed the exams and received their GED credential. GED certificates constituted 25% of the total of regular high school diplomas plus GED certificates issued in 2001. When this figure ...