Much experimental work in psycholinguistics suggests that fully specified syntactic and semantic interpretations are obtained incrementally. The finding that intepretation takes place incrementally is very robust and underlies our own view of sentence processing as well; however, most of this work tends to test very simple interpretive judgments, and using materials which have very clean-cut in...

This paper will introduce a theory of emergent animal social complexity using various results from computational models and empirical results. These results will be organized into a vertical model of social complexity. This will support the perspective that social complexity is in essence an emergent phenomenon while helping to answer of analysis larger than the individual organism. The second ...

The real exchange rate (RER) misalignment is a key variable in academic and policy circles. Among policy circles, sustained RER overvaluations are observed by authorities for future exchange rate adjustments. Some countries, on the other hand, have pursued very active exchange rate policies in order to undervalue their currencies to foster growth through export promotion (e.g. China). Our goal ...

In most birds and mammals, young are raised in family groups. The phenotypes of nestmates and parents are thus reliable cues for recognition of conspecifics and kin. However, in some species, young develop alone, or in broods of mixed relatedness (e.g. because of multiple paternity or maternity), or among heterospecifics or unrelated conspecifics (brood parasites). Under these circumstances, th...

In mainstream macroeconomics, the cross-country pattern of unemployment should reflect ‘natural’ rates (NAIRUs), which in turn are explained mainly by the rigidities imposed by labor market institutions and policies. While this view has framed most of the empirical work to date, the evidence so far is not very compelling. Recent work in the Keynesian tradition suggests that more attention shoul...

This paper assesses whether the UK public finances were sustainable for the period 1919 to 2001 using a nonlinear representation of the debt to GDP ratio and thus provides a more robust test of debt sustainability. Empirical evidence supports debt sustainability. Moreover, the ESTAR representation is evidence that sustainability is the result of active debt management rather than tax-smoothing....

1 Why should we test the fluctuation relation? 3 1.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 The fluctuation relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 The “transient fluctuation relation” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Anosov systems a...